Burying our Loved Ones: Choctaw Burial Practices

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Presentation transcript:

Burying our Loved Ones: Choctaw Burial Practices Ryan L. Spring Director, GIS/GPS Specialist Historic Preservation Dept. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma

Saying Goodbye How to say goodbye to love ones when they pass away How do we say goodbye today? How do you think we said goodbye 100 years ago? 200 years ago? 300+ years ago?

Shadow and the Spirit Christian Choctaw Flesh, Body, Spirit Shilup (Shadow) Ghost Shilombish (Spirit) Part that Dreams

Journey to the Afterworld Land of Souls Ofi Tohbi I Hina (White Dog’s Road) Milky Way Slippery Log

Vba Tvlali (Scaffold) Prepare the deceased Erect scaffold Wash Dress Cover Items Erect scaffold Bark house Posts Fence Benches Tabashi (Mourning) Family & Visitors Mourning Participation Clothing 4 months

Sheki Hattak (Bone Picker) Alikchi (Doctor) Usually men Special tattoos Long fingernails on the thumb, first, and forefinger Bone Picking Honored service for community

Yaiya Chito (Big Cry) Big Cry Prepare the bones Items Burned Feast Sheki hattak (Bone picker) Clean bones Paint skull Itobi osi (Burial box or basket) Items Burned Feast Charnel house

Mound Burial Iksa (moiety) Okla Iholahta (Beloved People) Kvshapa Okla (Divided People) Iksa had complimentary roles in marriage, trials, and mourning Holds together Choctaw communities Bundle Burial common among many groups Mound burial Empty charnel house Importance Migration Story

Feast of the Dead Yearly: November or Bi-annually

Pole Pulling Burial Christian influence Pole Pulling Many variations Prepare Body Poles Tabashi (Mourning) Sheki Hattak (Bone Picker) Feast Many variations Choctaw Nation – 1840’s Mississippi – 1880’s

Grave House Burial Change in Mindset Prepare Body Wake Burial House Shilombish stay on earth for year Watch over family Prepare Body Paint face red Lay in Church or Home Wake Stay up 4 days Fire Burial House Mourning Possession kept for a year Given to family after mourning period ended

Respect for our Ancestors Tribal Burial Program (Clinton Rogers ext. 2905) Cemetery Restoration Program (Skyler Robinson ext. 2236) NAGPRA/Repatriation Program (Deanna Byrd ext. 2353) Veterans Advocacy (Brent Oakes ext. 2163) (800) 522-6170 / (580) 924 8280

Disconnect from our Ancestors Removal from our Homelands Forced to leave behind generations of Choctaw people NHPA General Allotment Act Choctaw communities disrupted and families moved Indian Relocation Act of 1956 Forcing families to move from their community to large cities Regulations State Laws Financial/Economic

How can we continue to honor our ancestors?

Vocabulary Shilup (Shadow) Shilombish (Spirit) Ofi Tohbi I Hina (White Dog’s Road) Vba Tvlali (Scaffold) Tabashi (Mourning) Sheki Hattak (Bone Picker) Alikchi (Doctor) Yaiya Chito (Big Cry) Itobi osi (Burial box or basket) Iksa (moiety) Okla Iholahta (Beloved People) Kvshapa Okla (Divided People)