Phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery for white cataract Rengaraj Venkatesh, MD, Colin S.H. Tan, MD, Sabyasachi Sengupta, DO, DNB, Ravilla D. Ravindran, MD, Krishnan T. Krishnan, MD, David F. Chang, MD J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36:1849–1854 R3 이재형 / AP.조양경

Purpose To compare the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) to treat white cataracts in southern India Prospective randomized clinical trial

Introduction white cataract : total white opacification of the crystalline lens that precludes visualization of the fundus as well as any red reflex Phacoemulsification is difficult and more prone to complications in eyes with mature white cataract Manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to phacoemulsification in the developing world

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Surgical Technique Phacoemulsification Manual SICS a temporal 3.0mm scleral tunnel incision and a separate clear corneal stab incision for the second instrument trypan blue–assisted continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis phacoemulsification : phaco-chop method Manual SICS 6.5 to 7.0 mm superior frown-shaped sclerocorneal tunnel trypan blue–assisted capsulorhexis the nucleus was prolapsed from the capsular bag with a Sinskey hook or by hydrodissection injection & irrigating vectis A single-piece rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) IOL with a 6.0 mm optic was implanted in the capsular bag unsutured self-sealing wound

Patients and Methods Visual impairment : CDVA of 20/60 Total surgical time : from the initiation of the conjunctival peritomy to final conjunctival closure using cauterization

Results Two hundred thirty of 270 patients (85.2%) completed the 6-week follow-up. Phaco(n=133) Manual SICS(n=137) Op. time(min) 12.2 ± 4.6 8.8 ± 3.4 <0.001 PC rupture 3(2.2%) 2(1.4%) 0.681 Corneal edema at POD #1 25(18.7%) 14(10.2%) 0.047 Mean central corneal thickness at POD #1(µm) 596.5 574.3 0.032 SIA(diopters) 0.84 ± 0.24 1.2 ± 0.36 0.12

Results Visual acuity at POD #1 UDVA CDVA Visual acuity Phaco Manual SICS 20/20 ~ 20/60 65 (48.9%) 70 (51.1%) 0.805 77 (57.9%) 113 (82.5%) 0.001

Results the mean UDVA and CDVA

Discussion phacoemulsification and manual small-incision ECCE were safe and effective for visual rehabilitation of cataract patients the UDVA at 6 weeks was better in the phacoemulsification group Gogate PM, Kulkarni SR, Krishnaiah S, Deshpande RD,Joshi SA, Palimkar A, Deshpande MD. Safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification compared with manual small-incision cataract surgery by a randomized controlled clinical trial; six-week results. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:869–874 rate of infectious endophthalmitis was lower after phacoemulsification than after manual SICS Ravindran RD, Venkatesh R, Chang DF, Sengupta S, Gyatsho J, Talwar B. The incidence of post-cataract endophthalmitis at an Aravind Eye Hospital; outcomes from more than 42000 consecutive cases using standardized sterilization and prophylaxis protocols. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35: 629–636

Discussion phacoemulsification : a greater risk for posterior capsule rupture, endothelial cell loss, and incision complications in eyes with mature cataract manual SICS : potential to decrease the incidence intraoperative complications by eliminating the need for ultrasound and for nuclear fragmentation

Discussion UDVA better than 20/30 in phacoemulsification : d/t higher SIA from the larger incision used in manual SICS more corneal edema on the first postoperative day in phacoemulsification : did not result in significant differences between the 2 groups in final visual outcomes Both groups had low intraoperative complication rates (capsulorhexis extension and posterior capsule rupture)

Discussion unsuccessful fragmenting or emulsifying in phacoemulsification d/t extremely dense nuclei -> convert to a larger incision manual ECCE in some circumstances -> a scleral tunnel phacoemulsification incision can be enlarged to allow manual nuclear extraction : routine use of scleral tunnel incisions for phacoemulsification of mature cataracts

Conclusion manual SICS to be a safe and effective alternative to phacoemulsification for advanced white cataract no significant difference in complications or final CDVA outcomes Significant advantages for the large number of mature white cataract cases in the developing world