Cardiac Emergencies Chapter 7

Cardiovascular Disease Leading cause of death for men & woman in the USA ~610,000 per year That’s 1 in every 4 deaths

Cardiovascular Disease What puts you at higher risk? Diabetes Overweight Poor diet Physical inactivity Excessive alcohol use

Cardiovascular Disease Condition that affects heart and blood vessels Build up of plaque in the arteries This build up makes it difficult for blood flow throughout the body

How does it happen? Cholesterol Atherosclerosis Fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods Too much can cause fatty deposits on artery wall restricting blood flow Atherosclerosis A condition in which fatty deposits build up on the walls of arteries

Coronary Heart Disease Most common Arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscles harden or narrow from the build-up of fatty deposits The lack of oxygen causes muscles around heart to die

Cardiac Emergencies: Heart Attack Blood flow to some part of the heart muscle is compromised and the heart begins to die Heart will not be able to circulate blood effectively

Heart Attack Angina Pectoris: chest pain

Heart Attack: Care Send someone to call 9-1-1 Have victim stop what they are doing and rest Loosen any restrictive clothing Monitor victim closely until EMS arrives Be prepared to perform CPR or use Automated External Defibrillators (AED) if victim stops breathing

Cardiac Emergencies: Cardiac Arrest Condition in which the heart stops beating

Cardiac Arrest Heart stops beating Heart is beating too ineffectively to generate a pulse Causes: Cardiovascular disease Drowning Suffocation Drugs Severe chest injuries Severe blood loss Stroke or other types of brain damage

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR Cardio: Heart Pulmonary: Lungs CPR will artificially take over the function of the lungs & heart Can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other organs until advanced medical care can be given

Increasing Chances of Survival Early recognition Calling 9-1-1 immediately Early CPR Keep oxygenated blood flowing Early defibrillation Electric shock that disrupts activity of the heart long enough to allow heart to spontaneously develop effective rhythm alone Early advanced medical care Getting victim to hospital quick

CPR: Adult Showing no signs of life Check, Call, Care 2 rescue breaths, 30 chest compressions

Chest Compressions Kneel next to victim Use fingers to locate victims breastbone & place heel of one hand there Place other hand directly on top Use heel of hand to apply pressure

Chest Compressions Keep arms straight & lock elbows Compress only 1.5-2 inches Keep movements smoother, maintain a rhythm “One and two and three and four…” Bee Gees “Staying Alive” 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths

CPR Locate proper hand position; middle of chest like an adult Children Infants Locate proper hand position; middle of chest like an adult Can use 1 hand technique with 1 hand on chest, 1 hand on forehead to maintain open airway Compress 1.5 inches 30 compressions to 2 breaths Imagine a line across the chest between nipples Pad of 2-3 fingers on that line; on sternum Compress ½-1 inch 30 compressions to 2 breaths CPR

Children Infant CPR

When to STOP Scene becomes unsafe Victim shows obvious signs of life AED is available and ready to use Another trained rescuer arrives and takes over You are too exhausted to continue