What kind of cell does it occur in? Mitosis Meiosis What kind of cell does it occur in? Produces diploid or haploid cells? How many cell divisions? Identical cells or different cells? Ultimately produces cells that are how many “N”?

What kind of cell does it occur in? somatic sex Mitosis Meiosis What kind of cell does it occur in? somatic sex Produces diploid or haploid cells? diploid haploid How many cell divisions? 1 2 Identical cells or different cells? IDENTICAL DIFFERENT Ultimately produces cells that are how many “N”? 2N N

3) The phase in mitosis when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell is _______.   4) The stage of mitosis when the number of chromosomes doubles ________. The last stage of mitosis when the cleavage furrow forms and the cells are almost completely divided is ________.  The phase in between cell divisions, when the cell is doing its normal cellular jobs is ________.

A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes. If it goes through MITOSIS, what is the end product? [3 points] A.Two somatic cells, each with 3 chromosomes B.Two somatic cells, each with 6 chromosomes C.Two somatic cells, each with 12 chromosomes D.Four gametes, each with 3 chromosomes E.Four gametes, each with 6 chromosomes

A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes A Martian cell has 6 PAIRS of chromosomes. If it goes through MEIOSIS, what is the end product? [3 points] A.Two somatic cells, each with 3 chromosomes B.Two somatic cells, each with 6 chromosomes C.Two somatic cells, each with 12 chromosomes D.Four sex cells, each with 3 chromosomes E.Four sex cells, each with 6 chromosomes

What would this celebrity baby look like???

+ Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson = ???

If these two had a baby… Madonna,

It would look like this.

+ Julia Styles, Owen Wilson = ???

If they had a baby… Tom Cruise, Rosy O’D

It would look like this.

+ Joe Pesci, = ???

Overview Genetics: how your DNA affects the way you look To understand genetics you need to know some basic vocab Make sure you have your Guided Notes sheet out.

Key Point #1 Genes are the code for traits passed down from parents to offspring Trait – a characteristic Examples?

Gene The part of your DNA that controls a certain trait You have a gene that codes for hair color, eye color, height, etc

Key Point #2 a. There are many different options for each gene. These options are called ALLELES. GENE = hair color ALLELE= black or blonde GENE = eye color ALLELE= blue or brown b. You have 2 alleles for each trait. One from your mom and one from your dad.

Alleles can be either DOMINANT or RECESSIVE Dominant v. Recessive Alleles can be either DOMINANT or RECESSIVE

DOMINANT is expressed over recessive Dominant v. Recessive Genes are either dominant or recessive DOMINANT is expressed over recessive

Alleles are represented with letters Capital letters represent a dominant allele Example T= tall Lower case letter represent a recessive allele t= short

Key Point #3 Physical traits are determined by the combination of alleles inherited from parents. For each trait you have a genotype and a phenotype.

Genotype A genotype is just the combination of alleles from the parents Allele from Parent 2: t=short Allele from Parent 1: T=tall Genotype= Tt

Vocab Homozygous: two of the SAME gene Heterozygous: two DIFFERENT genes

Genotypes There are 3 possible genotypes Genotype What do we call this? BB, TT, PP Homozygous dominant: two dominant alleles bb, tt, pp Homozygous recessive: two recessive alleles Bb, Tt, Pp Heterozygous: one dominant allele and one recessive allele

PHENOTYPE Physical characteristics (Tall, Brown eyes) ph- like ph-oto, or ph-ysical

Phenotype The phenotype is determined by the genotype. Let’s look at an example… T= Allele for tall t= Allele for short Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Dominant TT tall Homozygous Recessive tt short Heterozygous Tt tall

Easy way to remember Genotype  “GENE”

Phenotype  “Photo”  “Physical characteristics”

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? AA

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? AA

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? Brown Eyes

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype??? Brown Eyes

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Is this a genotype or phenotype???

Green = Genotype Pink = Phenotype Tiny bit harder Daniel has a dominant allele for brown hair from his father and a recessive allele for blond hair from his mother. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Chelsea has brown eyes. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Blake has two dominant alleles for brown eyes. Is this a genotype or phenotype?  Ms. James has brown hair. Is this a genotype or phenotype? Brianne has two recessive alleles for tongue rolling. Is this a genotype or phenotype?

Whiteboard time…

BB is _____ zygous ___

Xx is _____ zygous

kk is _____ zygous _____

Tall is dominant over short (use “t”) What is the genotype of a heterozygous plant?

Tall is dominant over short (use “t”) What is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?

Tall is dominant over short (use “t”) What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive plant?

Suppose T= tall, t = short What would a TT plant look like?

Suppose T= tall, t = short What genotype(s) could a short plant have?

Guided Practice The bunnies of the forests of Louisiana can either be brown or black. Brown (B) is dominant to black (b). Write all the genotypes possible for a brown bunny. What would the phenotype be for a bunny with the genotype of Bb? What would be the phenotype of a bunny with the genotype of BB?

Guided Practice Hitchhiker’s thumb is a trait in humans. Normal thumbs are dominant to Hitchhiker’s thumb. Using the letter “H,” show an individual who is homozygous recessive for the gene for hitchhiker’s thumb. What does H represent? What is this person’s phenotype? Write the genotype for someone heterozygous. What is this person’s genotype?

Guided Practice During Mendel’s study of pea plants, he saw that the peas themselves were either green or yellow. Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). What is the genotype of a green pea? What is the genotype of a yellow pea? What is phenotype of a pea plant that is YY? What is the phenotype of a heterozygous pea plant? This is our synthesis slide. If they get it, they should get it, if not then you know they may have a few problems left to work out.

Guided Practice People can have either free or attached earlobes. Free is dominant to attached. What does F represent? What phenotype is someone who is Ff? What phenotype is someone who is ff? What phenotype is someone who is homozygous dominant?

In your folder Grade sheet Classwork Exit slip HOMEWORK: worksheet! 2 QUIZZES THIS FRIDAY- LESSON STARTER AND GENETICS!