Lecture 9: Perseus and Andromeda

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 9: Perseus and Andromeda

The goddess of hôra (plural hôrai) was Hêra Hera & Seasonality Hôra = natural time, natural life, natural life-cycle; 'season, seasonality; time; timeliness'. The goddess of hôra (plural hôrai) was Hêra She was the goddess of seasons, in charge of making everything happen on time, happen in season, happen in a timely way, etc.

Hêrôs (“hero”) related to hôra and Hêra.* … and hero Hêrôs (“hero”) related to hôra and Hêra.* *The hero is unseasonal during his/her lifetime. The precise moment when everything comes together for the hero is the moment of death. The hero is "on time" at the hôra or 'time' of death.

Heroes and Hero cult G. Nagy, The Best of the Achaeans and Greek Mythology and Poetics Distinct feature of Greek religion; cult practices different from those for the gods “A highly evolved transformation of the worship of ancestors” Long history, definitive shaping in 8th century BCE

Some typical features of Greek heroes Extreme and larger than life in good and bad ways Unseasonal Has a ritually antagonistic relationship with a god, often the god or goddess most like him/her.

G. Nagy on hero: “The ancient Greek hero was a religious figure, a dead person who received cult honors and was expected in return to bring prosperity, especially in the form of fertility of plants (crops) and animals, to the community.”

“A key part to the narrative of the hero's life is that s/he undergoes some sort of ordeal. The hero, who is mortal, not immortal like the gods, must suffer during his or her lifetime, and, significantly, must die. Only after death can the hero receive immortalization in cult and in song.”

Io: Not to be confused with that girl from clash of the titans Offspring of Melia (Oceanid) & Inachus (River in the Argive Plain) Priestess to Hera (Heraeum – sanctuary to Hera in the Argive Plain) (Unwilling?) Lover of Zeus Transformation into a cow & the watch of Argus Tormented by Hera & wanders to Ionian Sea (NW Greece), Macedonia, Thrace, the “Bosporus” (Cow-crossing), Scythia...eventually to Caucasus Mtns. Transformed back into a human in Egypt, gives birth to Epaphus

The Danaids: Wedding Night Murders

Danae & the Shower of Gold

Acrisius: Oracle of a deadly (grand)heir Daughter imprisoned Zeus appears in disguise Mother and Son are removed from kingdom, found by a stranger (Dictys) Perseus required to provide a deadly gift to Polydectes Accidental death of Acrisius at hands of heir

Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) Ceto = Phorcys Enyo Pe(m)phredo [ Deino ] Gorgons (“horror”) (“alarm”) (“terrible”) (“dreadful ones”) Stheno Euryale Poseidon = Medusa* Pegasus

Andromeda Outrage against the Nereids Perseus overcomes monster and opposition from fiance (Phineus / Agenor)

Is Perseus a Hero? Is this a Myth? Well, that’s all lovely and good, but here’s the real question: Is Perseus a Hero? Is this a Myth?

Perseus: “Hero” or Glorified Folktale Figure? Heroic Legend? Folktale? Receives divine help Has divine parentage Curious birth Completes impossible labors (under compulsion) Quests to faraway lands (Libya, Ethiopia, edge of Ocean) Returns home Rewarded upon return Accidentally kills a family member Mother’s tale: “girl’s tragedy” for Danae – folktale pattern Perseus’ Problems? TOO likeable? Villainous vs. good brothers No Male Friend No conflict with female figures Perseus: “Hero” or Glorified Folktale Figure?