Abnormal Psychology Second Canadian Edition Gerald C. Davison John M. Neale Kirk R. Blankstein Gordon L. Flett Prepared by: Traci McFarlane

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders Chapter 14 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Gender Identity Disorder Our sense of ourselves as male or female Characteristics of gender identity disorder (GID) Transsexualism Experience great discomfort with gender Cross-gender behaviours Controversial diagnosis

Gender Identity Disorder Causes of GID Nature vs. nurture Therapies for GID Body alterations Sex-reassignment surgery Alterations of gender identity

The Paraphilias Paraphilia Fetishism Transvestic fetishism Sexual attraction to unusual objects and sexual activities unusual in nature Lasts for at least 6 months Causes significant distress or impairment? Fetishism Reliance on an inanimate object for sexual arousal Transvestic fetishism When a man is sexually aroused by dressing in women’s clothing

The Paraphilias Pedophilia Incest Adults who derive sexual gratification through physical/sexual contact with prepubertal children Incest Sexual relations between close relatives for whom marriage is forbidden

The Paraphilias

The Paraphilias Voyeurism Exhibitionism Sexual gratification by watching others in a state of undress or having sexual relations Exhibitionism Sexual gratification by exposing one’s genitals to an unwilling stranger, sometimes a child Indecent exposure

The Paraphilias Frotteurism Sexual sadism Sexual masochism Sexually oriented touching of an unsuspecting person Sexual sadism Sexual gratification by inflicting pain or psychological suffering on another Sexual masochism Sexual gratification through subjecting oneself to pain or humiliation

The Paraphilias Etiology of the paraphilias Psychodynamic perspectives Behavioural and cognitive perspectives Biological perspectives

Therapies for the Paraphilias Psychoanalytic therapy Motivational enhancement Behavioural techniques Aversion therapy Satiation Social skills training Orgasmic reorientation Cognitive treatment Biological treatment

Rape Forced rape Statutory rape The crime Sexual intercourse with an unwilling partner Statutory rape Sexual intercourse with a minor The crime Sadistic rape Acquaintance rape (date rape)

Rape The victim The attack The aftermath The rapist PTSD, sexual dysfunction depression, suicidality substance abuse The rapist Who is the rapist? Therapy for rapists Therapy for rape victims

Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual dysfunctions and the human response cycle Appetitive Excitement Orgasm Resolution

Descriptions and Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual desire disorders Hypoactive sexual desire disorder Deficient or absent sexual fantasies and urges Sexual aversion disorder Active avoidance of nearly all genital contact with another

Descriptions and Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual arousal disorders Female sexual arousal disorder Formerly “frigidity” Male erectile disorder Formerly “impotence”

Descriptions and Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Orgasmic disorders Female orgasmic disorder Absence of orgasm after a period of normal sexual excitement Male orgasmic disorder Difficulty in ejaculating Premature ejaculation Associated with considerable anxiety

Descriptions and Etiology of Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual pain disorders Dyspareunia Persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse Vaginismus Involuntary spasms of the outer third of the vagina

Theoretical Model of Masters and Johnson Current causes Fear of performance Spectator role Historical causes Religious orthodoxy Psychosexual trauma Homosexual inclination Inadequate counseling Excessive intake of alcohol Biological causes Socio-cultural factors

Theoretical Model of Masters and Johnson

Other Causes of Sexual Dysfunction Problems with the relationship Secondary gain Lack of knowledge or skill Anxiety Poor communication

Therapies for Sexual Dysfunctions Sexual value system Education about spectator role Sensate focus Anxiety reduction Directed masturbation Procedures to change attitudes and thoughts Sensory-awareness procedures

Therapies for Sexual Dysfunctions Skills and communication training Couples therapy Psychodynamic techniques and perspectives Medical and physical procedures

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