equations

Synthesis/Direct Combination A + B  AB 2 elements combine to form a single compound

Decomposition AB  A + B Single compound is broken down

Single Replacement A + BX  AX + B An uncombined element replaces and element that is part of a compound

Double Replacement AX + BY  AY + BX 2 atoms or ions from 2 different compounds switch places with each other

Identify the following equations: 3Mg + N2  Mg3N2 2K + 2 H2O  2KOH + H2 NH4OH  NH3 + H2O 3KOH + FeCl3  3KCl + Fe(OH)3

Complete the following: CuS  _____________ + _____________ Br + Ag  ____________ Na + KOH  _________ + _____________ K2(CO3) + Ca(OH)2  _________ + _________

Equations/Reaction Type lab activity SYNTHESIS  _______________ _______________

Equations/Reaction Type lab activity DECOMPOSITION  _______________ _______________

Equations/Reaction Type lab activity SINGLE REPLACEMENT  _______________ _______________

Equations/Reaction Type lab activity DOUBLE REPLACEMENT  _______________ _______________

Balancing Equations The Law of Conservation of Matter states that “matter cannot be created nor destroyed”. Therefore, in a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element in the reactants MUST EQUAL the number of atoms of each element in the products!

CAUTION!!!! When balancing equations, you can only add or change coefficients (the big number in front of a formula)! Never change the subscripts of a balanced formula!!!

“Atom Inventory Method” AIM “Atom Inventory Method” A strategy to help you determine the coefficients needed to balance a chemical equation. Remember to change your inventory every time you add a coefficient!

AIM Metal Nonmetal C H O

N2 + H2  NH3

CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

HCl + Fe2O3  FeCl3 + H2O

2C8H18 + O2  CO2 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4  Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O

Cu + H2SO4  Cu(SO4) + H2O + SO2

SiO2 + C  SiC + CO

(NH)3(PO4) + Ba(NO3)2  Ba3(PO4)2+ (NH4)(NO3)

(IP1) ____Mg + _____O2  _____MgO

(IP2) ____H2 + _____O2  _____H2O

(IP3) ___Cl2 +____KBr ____KCl +____Br2

(IP4) __Al2(SO4)3 + __ZnCl2  __AlCl3 +__ZnSO4

(IP5) ___C3H8 + ____O2  ___CO2 + ___H2O

Writing Balanced Equations: 1.) IDENTIFY or NAME each REACTANT & PRODUCT 2.)write CORRECTLY BALANCED FORMULAS for each reactant and product 3.) adjust the COEFFICIENTS in the equation, using AIM to have the same number of atoms of each element on each side

2. iron + chlorine  iron (III) chloride

3. magnesium + nitrogen  magnesium nitride

6. nitrogen + oxygen  nitrogen (V) oxide

8. potassium chlorate potassium chloride + oxygen

1. hydrogen chloride + calcium hydroxide calcium chloride + water

4. silver nitrate+ aluminum chloride silver chloride + aluminum nitrate

7. Iron(III)chloride+ sodium phosphate iron(III)phosphate + sodium chloride

5. potassium phosphate+ calcium nitrate ___________ + _____________

Key to 9-16: 9. Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl  BaCl2 + 2H(OH) 10. 2Al + 3Br2  2AlBr3 11. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 12. (NH4)(OH)  NH3 + H(OH) 13. 2Al2O3  4Al + 3O2 14. 2K + 2H(OH) 2 K(OH) + H2 15. 3Ba + N2  Ba3N2 16. SnCl4 + 2(NH4)2S  SnS2 + 4(NH4)Cl

Predicting if a SR rxn will Occur: a single replacement rxn WILL OCCUR if the free metal is higher on ref. table J than the combined metal Which SR rxn will occur? Ca + Zn(NO3)2  Ca(NO3)2 + Zn Ca + KNO3  Ca(NO3)2 + 2K

Predicting if a DR rxn will Occur: a double replacement rxn WILL OCCUR if the rxn 1.) forms a gas Na2S(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  H2S(g) + 2NaCl(aq) 2.) forms water (1 molecule not both ionic) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 3.) forms a precipitate (Table F): form a solid AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Which DR rxn will occur? KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  AgCl + KNO3 KCl(aq) + NaNO3(aq)  NaCl + KNO3

Use reference table F to predict of the following double replacement rxns will produce a ppt (occur):

Use reference table F to predict of the following double replacement rxns will produce a ppt (occur):

Rxns hmwk: RB p. 40 #45, 48, 49-52, 54-59 45.) 3F2 + 2Ar  2ArF3 48.) 2Ni + O2 2NiO 49.) 2H2O 2H2 + O2 50.) 2Al2O3  4Al + 3O2 51.) 2NaCl  2Na + Cl2 52.) 2NH3  N2 + 3H2 54.) yes 55.) no 56.) yes 57.) yes 58.) yes 59.) SR D S DR

Writing Equations II: Determining Products Aluminum reacts with magnesium sulfate oxidation state of Mg:_____ oxidation state of Al: _____ oxidation state of (SO4) ion:_______

Writing Equations II: Determining Products 2. Calcium chloride reacts with aluminum hydroxide oxidation state of Ca:_____ oxidation state of Al: _____ oxidation state of (SO4) ion:_______ oxidation state of (OH) ion:_______

Writing Equations II: Determining Products 3. Potassium oxide reacts with flourine gas oxidation state of K:_____ oxidation state of F: _____ oxidation state of O:_______

Writing Equations II: Determining Products 4. Calcium reacts with hydrogen phosphate oxidation state of Ca:_____ oxidation state of H: _____ oxidation state of (PO4) ion:_______

Writing Equations II: Determining Products 5. copper(I) sulfate reacts with barium chloride oxidation state of Copper (I):_____ oxidation state of Ba: _____ oxidation state of (SO4) ion:_______ oxidation state of Cl ion:_______

Writing Equations II: Determining Products 6. Potassium thiocyanate reacts with iron(III) sulfate oxidation state of K:_____ oxidation state of iron (III): _____ oxidation state of (SO4) ion:_______ oxidation state of thiosulfate ion:_______

Writing Equations III: Identification