Harold E. Winkler Middle School THE COLD WAR Part II Mr. Wells Harold E. Winkler Middle School

The U-2 Incident [1960] May 1: Francis Gary Powers U-2 is shot down by Soviets and is put in jail for 10 years Eisenhower denied the U-2 had been spying, but evidence forced him to admit it Khruschev (new Soviet leader) demanded an apology and to halt the flights Eisenhower agreed to halt flights but no apology Tensions increased between US and USSR

SR 71 (Blackbird) First Flight – December 22, 1964 Service Date – 1964 to 1998 Fastest aircraft in the world (Mach 3+) Exposure to very high temperatures (500 degrees) First aircraft with stealth design Flight at 80,000 ft.

U.S. Losing the Cold War? U.S. economy in recession Soviets launch Sputnik U-2 Incident makes the U.S. look bad Election of 1960 – JFK youngest president elected Kennedy adopts new military policy – flexible response – prepare for all types of attacks, not just nukes JFK increases defense spending and creates Special Forces Nuclear capabilities tripled

Bay of Pigs (Cuba) 1959 – Fidel Castro becomes dictator of Cuba U.S. cuts off all relations Soviet Union provides aid to Cuba CIA trains Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro Cuban rebels land at Bay of Pigs but U.S. air support never showed Huge embarrassment for the U.S.

The Berlin Wall {1961} East Berliners fleeing to West Berlin Soviet Premier Krushchev wants access to W. Berlin closed Kennedy refused to comply USSR builds wall to prevent crossing from East to West Berlin Wall becomes ugly symbol of Communist oppression until 1989 Early 1960s view of east side of Berlin Wall with barbed wire at top.

The Cuban Missile Crisis {1962} U2 spy planes photograph Soviet missiles in Cuba U.S. demands the removal of missiles… places Cuba under quarantine (naval blockade) Soviet ships in head to head confrontation with U.S. Navy Threat of nuclear war lasted 13 days Soviet Premier Krushchev removes missiles U.S. quietly agrees to remove missiles in Turkey

The Cuban Missile Crisis {1962} CIA map showing range of Soviet supplied intermediate and medium range missiles if launched from Cuba

Easing Tensions JFK eases hardline stance against Soviets Kennedy realizes that no one can win a nuclear war… this becomes known as MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction 1963: Hotline established between the White House and the Kremlin Limited Test Ban Treaty bars nuclear testing in the atmosphere

Race to the Moon {1960s} April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin was first in space First American: Allan Sheppard Feb. 20th, 1962: John Glenn orbits the Earth 3 times July 20th, 1969: Neil Armstrong becomes first to step onto the moon Result of space program: increase in education and technology