LIGHTING

Light pollution is not a "sign of civilization", on the contrary, a sign of boundless waste.

In fact, in many places of the world this is endangered. Theoretically, the shortest night is the summer solstice (21/22 June) and the longest - the winter solstice (21/22 December). In fact, in many places of the world this is endangered. Indeed, the artificial light has penetrated everywhere and was imposed everywhere. The omnipresence of light bring security, enhances the state of safety and increases the effectiveness of human activity, but this represents, increasingly more, 'light pollution'. The effects of lighting systems invade everything, creating the impression that the night is abolished and its clarity confiscated.

The phenomenon is quasi planetary; only desert regions is actually steeped in the night.

LIGHTING means directing light on a surface, on an object or on the space around them so they can be seen by people. ACCENT LIGHTING is a type of lighting which implies that light to be directed so as to highlight an object or a part of a space. PUBLIC STREET LIGHTING means a fixed lighting designed to provide during periods nocturnal, good visibility to users of outdoor public traffic areas in order to support the safety and traffic fluidity and the public safety. DYNAMIC LIGHTING is that lighting that changes over time, separately or together, one of the features: luminous flux direction or light color.

Public lighting is one of the quality criteria of modern civilization Public lighting is one of the quality criteria of modern civilization. It is intended to provide both the guidance and safe movement of pedestrians and vehicles during night time and creating an appropriate environment without natural light.

Making an appropriate lighting bring in particular the reduction of indirect costs, reduce accidents during night time, reducing the risk of traffic accidents and number of aggressions against persons; this improves the social and cultural activities by increasing safety during night.

1. Nocturnal lighting prevents crime There are several types of prejudgments about light pollution: 1. Nocturnal lighting prevents crime Fear of crime is a concern which hangs at the back of each of our minds. There is a widely held belief that the improvement of street lighting will reduce both crime and fear of crime. However, there is little firm evidence to support these beliefs.

Many overly bright security lights obscure more than they reveal. The studies have shown that there is no link between the crime rate and darkness. In fact, these studies indicated that most crimes and burglaries occur during the day, not at night. On the other hand inefficient light can be a very good environment for thieves because of the game of shadows and light that it produces. Many overly bright security lights obscure more than they reveal. Girl moved four feet to stand next to the pole

Most of the people want more light to feel safe at night Most of the people want more light to feel safe at night. The night lighting using inadequate and poorly placed lamps can cause a decrease on safety at night. The lamps installed improperly can increase the contrast between shadow and light, providing evildoers better places to hide themselves.

The improper street lights and reflectors that exceed the limit of the properties can be very dangerous for pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists because they produce shadows.

What would be the solution? To focus all the light toward the ground! When we are on a street where it is complete darkness we could not be attacked by someone because he would not see us. Instead, if we are on a street where alternates the light with darkness, we will go on the illuminated side, while a possible aggressor might hide in the dark. We wouldn't be able to see him, but he would see us. More than that, he might make use of the dazzling light bulbs for not being identified. What would be the solution? To focus all the light toward the ground!

2. More light ensures better visibility There are several types of prejudgments about light pollution: 2. More light ensures better visibility Poor lighting practices can even make the night more dangerous. When glare is present, the eye loses sensitivity to fainter light; shadows become deeper, and when the glare is removed, the eye takes an appreciable time to regain its dark adaptation. Visibility is provided by light directed in the desired direction but not by the light that causes temporary dazzle for pedestrians. The appropriate light is one that ensures better visibility.

There are several types of prejudgments about light pollution: 3. It can provide better lighting simply by "throwing" light "from here for far away“ The directional light produced by modern lighting systems specifically designed to light a certain area or those with motion sensors does not consume energy and provide the best lighting.

There are several types of prejudgments about light pollution: 4. Light pollution is not really a problem because disappears when the lights go out. Actually, light pollution is a problem because it occurs just when lighting is used, that is to say at night when people need darkness for their own health. Light pollution is not caused by unavoidable public lighting, but the result of a poor public lighting.

Due to outdated design of private and public lighting lamps or because of the way they are installed on poles, more than 30% of the light produced is thrown above the horizontal, that is to say directly toward heaven! The solution? To use lamps that directs down all the light they produce!

NO GOOD ! Globes are commonly used for lighting, due to their decorative appearance during the day! 70% of the light produced by them is directed in the eyes of pedestrians and to the sky! More than that, instead of making light underneath them, the globes produce a disc of shadow just below the pole!

NO SO GOOD ! The lamp "cobra head" installed correctly, meaning horizontal, directs about 70% of light down, that is below the horizontal ; the remaining 30% of the light is directed upwards!

GOOD ! The lamps "with cut distribution " provide excellent control of light and do not throw no little light on about four "heights" of the column. And of course, nothing to heaven! Seen from afar, the light source is not directly visible, is seen only the lighted area!

Coordinating theachers: Manuela Abiculesei Angela Nesteriuc LIGHTING, CRIME AND SAFETY Students: Cornel Bucaciuc Mihai Silitră Marius Trifo Bogdan Vasiliu Coordinating theachers: Manuela Abiculesei Angela Nesteriuc