What causes the moon to have different phases? Physical Science 10/2 Bell Work: What causes the moon to have different phases? What are the names of the moon phases? Agenda: Earth and Moon Notes Eclipses and Tides WS Learning Target: I can name the phases of the moon and draw pictures of them I can describe how the tilt of the Earth affect seasons and day lengths. Homework/Important Dates: Tides, Eclipses Ws Book Notes 12.1 + 12.2 and Vocab. due Thursday 10/5

Wednesday! We will be jumping! Wear sneakers or other comfortable shoes in which you can perform standing jumps.

Physical Science Notes Earth and the Moon

Astronomy Astronomy is the study of the moon, stars and other objects. One of the earliest known astronomers were the Egyptians, who used the stars to predict when the Nile would flood. Galileo Galilei is considered the father of modern astronomy for his refinements to the telescope.

How Earth Moves Earth moves through space in two ways: Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis. This gives us night and day. Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the sun. Each revolution around Earths orbit is 365.25 days, or a little over a year. Every four years we have a leap year with an extra day to catch up. How Earth Moves

In the northern hemisphere December really has the longest days! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZMMuv0Ltyo

Why do we have seasons? The MYTH – we are closer to the sun during the summer! The reality - the Earth is tilted! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5I1raMJURY

Seasons The seasons are caused by the Earth’s tilted axis. When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, the Earth is tilted towards the sun. The opposite is true during the winter.

During a solstice, the Earth is tilted the furthest away or the closest to the sun. This makes these days the longest or shortest. During an equinox, neither hemisphere is tilted towards or away from the sun. This means these days there are equal amounts of day and night. The Mayans created one of the earliest accurate calendars. Solstices and Equinox El Castillo. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. This Mesoamerican step pyramid’s platform, along with its four stairways of 91 steps, totals 365, or the number of days in a calendar year.

Longest day and night in the Northern Hemisphere https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXxRcXHI_tI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndlQNicOeso

The Moon The surface of the moon is covered in maria and craters. Maria are the dark, flat areas on the moon. Galileo thought they were seas, so he named them for the Latin word for sea. Craters are caused by meteorites that have hit the moon. The moon has no atmosphere to stop them.

Why do we only see one side of the moon? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jUpX7J7ySo

Phases of the Moon The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth, and sun causes the phases of the moon. The phases of the moon depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth. To go through a complete cycle of phases, it takes 29.5 days, which is called a lunar month.

Phases of the Moon

Phases of the Moon

Eclipses When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse occurs. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight to Earth.

Eclipses During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. The moon is then in Earth’s shadow and looks dim from Earth. Lunar eclipses are much more common than solar eclipses.

Tides The moon also causes the tides. The tides are caused mainly by the differences in how much the moon’s gravity pulls on different parts of the Earth. The tides go in a cycle of about 12.5 hours between high tides.

Spring and Neap Tides When the sun and the moon are in line, a spring tide is created. A spring tide has the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides. These happen during a new or a full moon. A neap tide is when the moon is 90˚ away from the sun. Neap tides have the smallest difference between low and high tide.

Eclipses and Tides and Book Notes 12.1 + 12.2 Physical Science 10/3 Bell Work: What controls the tides on Earth and how does it control them? What is a spring tide? What is a neap tide? Agenda: Bill Nye – The Moon Survival on the Moon Learning Target: I can describe the basic properties of the moon and identify what items would be useful in colonization of the moon.     Homework/Important Dates: Eclipses and Tides and Book Notes 12.1 + 12.2 and Vocab. due Thursday 10/5

Tides explained by Minute Physics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gftT3wHJGtg

Mont St. Michel in France. During low tide Mont St. Michel is part of the main land. During high tide it is an island. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glOSH8WQ_RI

Wednesday! We will be jumping! Wear sneakers or other comfortable shoes in which you can perform standing jumps.

Survival on the Moon Scenario: You are a member of a space crew originally scheduled to rendezvous with a mother ship on the lighted surface of the moon. However, due to mechanical difficulties, your ship was forced to land at a spot some 200 miles from the rendezvous point. During reentry and landing, much of the equipment aboard was damaged and, since survival depends on reaching the mother ship, the most critical items available must be chosen for the 200-mile trip. Below are listed the 15 items left intact and undamaged after landing. Your task is to rank order them in terms of their importance for your crew in allowing them to reach the rendezvous point. Place the number 1 by the most important item, the number 2 by the second most important, and so on through number 15 for the least important.

Homework/Important Dates: Physical Science 10/4 Bell work: What is gravity? What 2 factors does gravity depend on? Would you be able to jump farther on the moon or on Earth? Explain your answer. Agenda: Class & School Rules Warning Gravity of the Solar System Lab Learning Target: I can describe how gravity changes on different planets. Homework/Important Dates: Tides, Eclipses Ws Book Notes 12.1 + 12.2 and Vocab. due Thursday 10/5

Why does the Earth have seasons? Physical Science 10/5 Bell Work: Why does the Earth have seasons? What is the Earth’s position relative to the sun like during summer? What about during winter? Agenda: Review Week 7 Quiz Eclipses and Our Moon & Tides Learning Target: Homework/Important Dates: Friday Packet: Vocabulary Bell Work Notes Booknotes 12.1-12.4 Eclipses and Tides

Eclipses 2017

12.3 + 12.4 Book Notes due Thursday 10/12 Physical Science 10/6 Bell work: Draw and Label the diagrams: Agenda: Quiz __________ Eclipse Friday Packet: Bell Work Notes Booknotes 12.1-12.4 / Vocab. Eclipses and Tide Solar Homework/Important Dates: 12.3 + 12.4 Book Notes due Thursday 10/12