E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė The developments of Bioethics in Lithuania – Problems and Future Perspectives Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

How to evaluate the developments? Legal documents Publications on bioethics Institutions Public debate Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Legal documents relevant to bioethics International: CoE Bioethics Convention and APs EU Directive on Clinical trails National: e.g., laws on patients rights, biomedical research, transplantation… Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Lithuanian publications on bioethics EURETHNET database: 1990-1999 - 40 2000 - 10 2001 - 19 2002 - 30 2003 - 65 Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Institutions Academic centers teaching bioethics and biolaw at Kaunas Medical University, Vilnius University, M. Romeris University Lithuanian Bioethics Society, 2002 Committees: regional RECs, HECs LBEC: Established 1995 Part time positions for the chairman and secretary To deal with negligence cases Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Lithuanian Bioethics Committee Gradual growth of the institution Shift from “negligence cases body” to policy making institution: E.g., field of biomedical research, health legislation International cooperation and networking Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

International cooperation and networking: Council of Europe DEBRA meetings 1998, 1999 2004 ‘Training in Research Ethics’ EU ‘European Programme for Teaching Bioethics in Healthcare Institutions’ (EHBP) PRIVIREAL - ends in 2005. This project has aimed to analyse how European countries deal with Directive 95/46/EC ‘BioTethed’ ethical problems raised by new biotechnologies UNESCO 11-12 November, 2002 the International Conference on Bioethics in Eastern and Central Europe 13 - September, 2004 Regional Bioethics Information Centre ESPMH conference, 2003 Baltic-Nordic network on research ethics Planning meeting - November 2005 Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Public debate and Problems! Bosch “The Garden of Earthly Delights”,1504 Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Topics of public debate I Prisoner participating in a clinical trial: should the law be followed? Advertising “embryonic stem cell therapy”: cheating or last resort measure? Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Topics of public debate II Compensation of the early prenatal testing for genetic syndromes or nerve tube abnormalities: eugenics or equitable access? Two draft laws on IVF has been in the Parliament for more than 1 year: is donation of gametes justified? Law on sex change: draft blocked in the Parliament UN debate on “therapeutic cloning”: should the country which does not allow TC, seek to forbid it at the international level? Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Bioethics I (Encyclopedia of Bioethics, 1995) the systematic study of the moral dimensions – including moral vision, decisions, moral conduct and policies – of the life sciences and health care, employing a variety of ethical methodologies in an interdisciplinary setting      Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Bioethics II (O’Neil, 2002) Bioethics is not a discipline … It has become a meeting ground for a number of disciplines, discourses and organizations concerned with ethical, legal, and social questions raised by advances in medicine, science, and biotechnology” Philosophy and ethics, law, sociology, biomedicine,… each discipline offers different paradigm of interpreting phenomena.. Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Bioethics III (R.Baker) “The first generation” bioethics as a protest movement inspired by Rejection of metaethics Egalitarianism and urging clinicians to accept the voice of the patient Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė What is bioethics?! The scope: Narrow – “red bioethics” Wide – “green bioethics” Multidisciplinarity: Philosophy/ethics/…. Law Medicine … “Academic” vs. “public policy” Religious vs. secular Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Scope Should the “Red” and “Green” bioethics be dealt with by one institution/committee? How to establish a “multi-institutional” organization? Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Multidisciplinarity Biomedical professionals sometimes think of bioethics as an obstacle to the progress of biomedical science (e.g., stem cell research or ethical review of biomedical research projects in general) Philosophers criticize bioethics as being a populist and simplistic application of normative ethics (e.g., “Georgetown mantra”, “infraethics”, etc.) Lawyers might be unsatisfied by dilemmatic character of bioethical discourse not resulting in any clear policy or legal framework. This opinion might be seconded by biomedical professionals as well. Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Public policy vs. academic scholarly activity There is a deep conflict between the goals and constraints of the public policy process and the aims of academic scholarly activity (Dan Brock, 1997) Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė Academic activity to follow the argument wherever it leads and regardless of the consequences (primary commitment to knowledge and truth) (particularly philosophers) to question and critically examine all assumptions. Policy-makers are concentrating on the consequences for public policy and the people affected by it the agenda of public policymakers is limited by political realities – not everything can be open to criticism and modification. Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Critique of the CoE Bioethics Convention “Philosophical reflections” (G.Hottois), “ethical perspective” (M.Duwell) vagueness and escapism from the most pressing bioethical (conceptual and normative) issues: “Individual”, “person”, “human being”, “everybody”, “beginning of human life”, Human dignity? “Equitable access to health care” “Previously expressed wishes” etc. Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė 3 D for Bioethics Dialogue between different professional groups Dialogue between academics and policy makers Dialogue between different worldviews Is it possible? I hope, yes. However, Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė

Bioethics: story about chocolate and garlic “Philosophy is fine, and science is fine, but combined they are the mixture of garlic and chocolate” (Bleuler, 1921) Bioethics in Europe and Lithuania, September 2005 E. Gefenas, A.Čekanauskaitė, V. Lukaševičienė