Parliament JYOTI Assistant Professor Department of Political Science PGGC-11 Chandigarh

Chapter II of Part V of the Indian constitution deals with the Parliament of India. Article 79 provides a Bi-Cameral Parliament for the Union. It consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of People (Lok Sabha). Though President is not a member of either House of the Parliament, yet he is an integral part of the Parliament and perform certain functions relating to its proceedings.

Council of States (Rajya Sabha) Composition Basis of Representation Election Qualification Disqualification Term Quorum Sessions Presiding Officers Languages to be used

Powers or Role of the Council of States (Rajya sabha) Legislative Powers Executive Powers Financial Powers Judicial Powers Constituent Powers Miscellaneous Powers Exclusive Powers

House of The People (Lok Sabha) Composition Qualifications Disqualifications of a Member Reservation of Seats Delimitation of Constituencies Election of the Members Direct Election Universal Adult Franchise Joint Electorate System Single member constituencies Secret Ballot Sessions Quorum Presiding Officer

Powers or Role of the Council of States (Rajya sabha) Legislative Powers Legislative Powers of the Lok Sabha with regard to the subjects included in the State List Financial Powers Control over the Executive Constituent Powers Miscellaneous Powers

Speaker of the Lok Sabha Election Term Removal Salary and Allowances Power and Functions of the Speaker Presiding Officer Presiding Officer of the Joint Sitting Adjournment of the House Determination of the Business of the House To conduct the Business of the House Interpretation of the Rules of Procedure Maintenance of Discipline in the House Certification of the Money Bill

Authentication of Ordinary Bills Admission or Rejection of Motions Taking of Votes Grants of Permission to ask Questions Guardian of the Privileges of the Members of the House Power pertaining to Committees Recognition of Official Opposition Power to disqualify members on Ground of Defection

Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Hung Parliament Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha And Rajya Sabha Privileges and Immunities of the Members of the Parliament: Freedom of Speech Immunity from Arrest Freedom from Jury Service Right to get Salary Right to Pension after Retirement MP’S Local Area Development Scheme

Relations between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha In the sphere of Legislative Powers In the sphere of Financial Matters In the sphere of Executive Powers In the sphere of Constitutional Amendments In the sphere of Judicial Powers In the sphere of Electoral Powers

Decline in the Prestige of Indian Parliament Reduction in the sitting of the Parliament Unhelpful attitude of Ministers Partisan attitude of Presiding Officers Governance by Ordinance Lack of Two-Party System Lack of Health Conventions Mediocre M.Ps Absenteeism

Undignified behaviour of Parliament Members Hung Parliament Politics of Obstinacy Parliament’s control over Executive is Nominal Delegate Legislation Nominal control over National Finance Ignoring Parliament on crucial National issues Legislature with Criminal Background Parliament has just become an approving body of decisions already taken by the cabinet

Legislative and Financial Procedure in Parliament The main function of Parliament is to make laws and control national finance. The procedure to pass the bills is similar in both the Houses. Every bill has to pass through five stages: Introduction of the bill and its first reading Second Reading Committee Stage Report stage Third Reading

The bill moved in the Parliament can be of the following types: Ordinary Bill Government Bill Non-Government Bill or Private Members Bill Money Bill The procedure of passing the Budget: Introduction of Budget Budget speech General Discussion on Budget

The parts of the Budget: Expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India Uncharged Expenditure Consideration of Demands for Grants by the Standing Committees Voting on Demands for grants Appropriation Bill Revenue Bill Vote on Account Supplementary Grants The Consolidated fund of India The Contingency fund of India

Parliamentary Committees General Committees: Committee of Rules Business Advisory Committee Committee of Privileges Committee on absence of members from the sittings of House Committee on Government Assurances Committee on Petitions General Purpose Committee

Legislative Committees Select Committees The Committee on Private member’s Bills and Resolutions Committee on Subordinate Legislation Financial Committees Estimates Committee Public Accounts Committee The Committee on Public Undertakings

Joint Committees Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances of members of the Parliament Joint committee on Offices of Profit Joint Committee on the Welfare of Schedule Casts and Schedule Tribes