Section 2: The French Revolution CHAPTER 12 The French Revolution and Napoléon Section 1: The Roots of Revolution Section 2: The French Revolution Section 3: The French Republic Section 4: The Napoléonic Era Section 5: A Return to Peace

The French Revolution SECTION 2 Decree of 4 August 1789 In response to the Great Fear, the Assembly discusses Reforms … Abolished feudalism Outlawed tithes Cancelled feudal dues & services Removed privileges of first and second estates All citizens, without distinction of birth, are eligible to any office or profession

A. First act of the National. Assembly was to adopt the A. First act of the National Assembly was to adopt the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The declaration provided equal rights to all men and an end to exemptions from taxation.

The French Revolution SECTION 2 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Men are born equal & remain equal before the law Freedom of speech, of the press, of religion Right to take part in gov’t Right to a fair trial Sound familiar?

Liberty Equality Fraternity SECTION 2 The French Revolution The Slogan of the French Revolution ... Liberty Equality Fraternity

The French Revolution SECTION 2 Olympe de Gouges Declaration of the Rights of Women 1791 Today she is perhaps best known as an early feminist who demanded that French women be given the same rights as French men. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror for attacking the regime of Maximilien Robespierre and for her close relation with the Girondists. But of course, the Revolution believed in equality for men… Not women.

B. Louis XVI was forced to accept the declaration. The National Assembly took control of the church lands. Bishops and priest were elected by the people. The French Government was now in control of the Catholic Church.

C. The Assembly adopted its. Constitution in 1791, which limited C. The Assembly adopted its Constitution in 1791, which limited the power of the monarchy and gave a Legislative Assembly the power to make laws.

D. Other European monarchs,. including the king of Austria, D. Other European monarchs, including the king of Austria, threatened to help Louis XVI regain his power. In response, the Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. France lost the battles with Austria.

E. Defeats in war and economic. shortages led to new political E. Defeats in war and economic shortages led to new political demonstrations. Radicals formed the Paris Commune and organized a mob attack on the royal palace and Legislative Assembly. They captured the king and demanded an end to the monarchy.

F. The French Revolution was about to enter a more radical phase. By members that called themselves the sans-culottes. The Sans-culottes were made up of working people and the poor.

Sans-Culottes means “without culottes (knee-breeches)” The working class and poor wore trousers.

The move to Radicalism - Led by the minister of justice, George Danton, the san-culottes sought revenge on those who had aided the king and resisted the popular will.

B. Jean-Paul Marat published. the radical journal “Friend of B. Jean-Paul Marat published the radical journal “Friend of the People.” He argued that the poor had a right to take from the rich whatever they needed, even by violence.

C. Some san-culotte members formed the C. Some san-culotte members formed the National Convention in 1792, which acted not only as a constitutional convention but also as a ruling body. National Convention formed a French Republic. They decided that the king was to be beheaded using a guillotine, because they thought it was more humane.

D. The execution of the king. outraged European monarchies, D. The execution of the king outraged European monarchies, Spain, Portugal, Britain and others formed a coalition to invade France. For protection, the National Convention formed a 12-member Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre.

E. Robespierre believed that. anyone E. Robespierre believed that anyone who would not submit to the general will of the constitution, as he interpreted it, should be executed.

The Reign of Terror A. From 1793 to 1794 the Committee of Public Safety and the National Convention tried to defend France from foreign and domestic threats.

B. National Convention. prosecuted enemies of the B. National Convention prosecuted enemies of the revolution and close to 40,000 people were killed between 1793-1794. This mass murder on the people of France became known as the Reign of Terror.

C. The National Convention. established a. military school C. The National Convention established a military school to train young men to be patriots. They were suppose to have high moral standards, but the plan failed. Many of these men turned against the revolutionaries responsible for the Reign of Terror.

D. The Committee of Public Safety. established schools to produce good D. The Committee of Public Safety established schools to produce good citizens and tried to establish price controls on necessities, but these controls failed.

E. To establish a country based on reason, the National Convention had a de-christianization policy. The word saint was removed from all street names and churches closed. Calendars were changed not to reflect the year from Christ’s birth, but the year of the French Republic.

A Nation in Arms A. To save the republic from foreign nations, the Committee of Public Safety called for a universal mobilization in 1793. By September 1794, France had an army of over 1 million. The army pushed the invading countries out of France.

B. France was able to defeat the invading B. France was able to defeat the invading enemies, but Robespierre was obsessed with killing the National Convention’s enemies living in France. Many deputies of the National Convention feared Robespierre and they executed him. Robespierre’s death ended the Reign of Terror.