Preposition Guided Notes

A ______________ is a word that shows the relationship between a _________ or a ___________ and some other word or element in the rest of the sentence. Example: preposition I. Preposition noun pronoun

SOME COMMON PREPOSITIONS: beside on between over aboard beyond past by since about down through above during throughout across except to after against for toward along from under   in until among into up around like upon at of with before off within behind without below beneath

The relationships include position, location, time, amount, manner, and cause. II. Prepositional Phrase A preposition goes with a noun or a pronoun (called the object of the preposition) to form a prepositional phrase. The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it is called a preposition. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun/pronoun called the object of the preposition.  

Objection of the Preposition Prepositional Phrase  in  house  in the house  under  truck  under the truck  beside  teacher  beside the teacher  over  hill  over the hill

Practice: Instructions: Place parenthesis around propositional phrases: label prepositions prep., label the objects of the preposition O.P.. 1) Louis Pasteur was a professor of chemistry at the University of Lille. 2) Pasture discovered that bacteria could be destroyed with heat and fermentation. 3) This process of sterilization was called Pasteurization. 4) Pasteur’s greatest contribution to medical science was his germ theory disease. 5) He proved that microorganisms carried on dust particles in the air caused food decay.

III. Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives: When prepositional phrases describe a noun or pronoun, they act as adjectives. These phrases are called adjective phrase.   Example: Someone in the lab identified that mineral. The surface of the rock is rough. The rock in the cabinet is very old.

Adjective phrases come after the words they modify. These phrases answer questions like what kind Ex: We found a rock with a strange fossil. and which one Ex: The rocks on the left are called mica. Practice: Instructions: Circle which noun or pronoun each underlined adjective phrase modifies. Geologists study the structure of the earth. They collect information about minerals. Do you know anything about geology? The shaft under the rock is deep. Scientists record the distances between the earth’s plates.

IV. Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs: When prepositional phrases describe verb, adjective, or adverb they are called adverb phrase. Adverb phrases tell how, when, or where.   Example: Dr. Fleming worked at the factory. (modifies a verb) He was eager for a raise. (modifies an adjective) He stayed late with his team. (modifies an adverb)

Practice: Instructions: Circle the word that each underlined adverb phrase modifies. Say whether the word is a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. Many diseases were once common throughout the world. ________________ They were dangerous to millions. _________________________ Doctors sometimes worked in teams. ____________________________ They experimented with different drugs. __________________________ Cures developed slowly over the years. __________________________