Social Tenure Domain Model A Propoor Land Recordation System Danilo Antonio 24th MARCH 2017

Global land challenges Only 30 % cadastral coverage (versus 70% tenures off register) – Need to secure tenure ASAP to all citizens. Only 2-3% ownership by women – how to increase? Dealing with the affordability issue - how to modernize systems in a pro-poor way? Complexity of land rights, claims, and records - how to capture the information in a participatory, affordable and acceptable way?

The key challenge How to support various tenure types & systems at scale to enable land reform and secure land and property rights for all?

Continuum of land rights Paradigm Shift WILL REQUIRE TO SUPPORT STDM as one of the tools Continuum of recording, technology, accuracy, etc.

STDM and the enumeration process The Social Tenure Domain Model as its initial development as an information system is in the context of settlement upgrading. It is built from the participatory enumeration process – another GLTN tool The steps for enumeration were as follows: Planning and consultations – stakeholders’ meetings; community awareness, sensitization and mobilization; preparation of enumeration questionnaire; training of teams and mobilization plans. Mapping and structure numbering – production of initial maps using satellite imagery; using the initial maps, enumerators number of structures with a unique code; mapping of community facilities (e.g. water points) is also carried out. Interviews and data collection- enumerations team + local leaders + municipality officials conduct house-to-house interviews and fill in the questionnaires: enumerators also collect support documents and take photos; the initial maps are updated using GPS; identification of demolished structures is also carried out. Data capture and analysis – this involves: data entry; updating of digital map; import data into STDM system; carry out the analysis; produce reports and print outs as necessary. Data validation and updating – the collected data is displayed and validated by community members, and any changes are updated where necessary; there is continuous updating and maintenance by community members.

What is the social tenure domain model (STDM)? Party Social Tenure Relationship Spatial Unit Spatial Unit Social tenure Parcel Person Right We have the conventional approach wherein we define that a ‘person has the right over a parcel’. This is the traditional cadastral approach. STDM is a specialization of LADM where it defines that ‘a party has a social tenure relationship over a spatial unit.

Stdm conceptual model Party Person/s or group/s Social Tenure Relationship Use rights Occupancy Ownership Informal Customary tenure Common land Tenancy Hunting Spatial Unit Land, property, structure, natural resources, objects, etc. Supporting Document Sketch, audio, video, photos etc. has with supported by - It is important to note that any form of right, responsibility or restriction in a formal system is considered as a social tenure relationship in STDM

Tool selection criteria Based on free and open source Provides core GIS functionality Customizable framework Rather than building from scratch, use existing tools to form the framework of the tool. Multiuser capabilities Integration with external applications e.g. financial systems, persons register

STDM Application Components Database Server = PostgreSQL Rationale: Best DBMS with regard to total cost of ownership (TCO) Supports database replication Customizable in multiple languages e.g. Python, R, Ruby, V8 JavaScript Short cycle of new releases ~ 15 months Confidence by top tech companies: Microsoft*, Apple, Fujitsu, etc. Spatial Extension = PostGIS Provides over a 1000 functions for storing, querying, manipulating spatial data. Standards compliant (OpenGIS specification) Not sure if Skype runs on PostgreSQL since MS bought it.

STDM Application Components (2) Desktop GIS = QGIS Rationale: Rich feature set of vector editing functions for managing spatial units Ever growing number of users and developers Huge volume of support manuals and tutorials Built-in support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS spatial databases Provides a sophisticated plugin architecture that supports customization using Python or C++ New stable version releases every 4 months Online repository of third-party extensions Current version 2.18 Provides tools that are relevant for land administration systems. More developers means extended functionality. Has an ‘app’ store/repository of 3rd party libraries (free)

Functional design process How do we determine which features to incorporate into STDM? Peer review (internal and land professionals) Common functional needs in country implementations Feedback from training events   Criteria for determining the feature-set of STDM

STDM Capabilities version 1.4 Design and extension (of existing) data management forms Easy access and management of spatial units Create a custom hierarchy of administrative units Manage permissions of users to specific modules Design and share custom templates of map-based documents/reports Generate map-based documents in batch using default or custom templates Import and export wizards that support the both textual and spatial data

Sample document outputs

SOME APPLICATION AREAS Country Context Kenya Settlement improvement Irrigation scheme land records management Land and property taxation Democratic Republic of Congo Land mediation in post-conflict Zambia Customary land Namibia Flexible Land Tenure Act Philippines Settlement Upgrading This is in addition to provision of tenure security

LEARNING EVENTS

STDM GLOBALLY

Roadmap Strategic development and release of new versions (every 6 months) Implement recommendations of advisory committee More strategic partnerships (i.e. academic institutions, developer community) Documentation and continuous assessment of STDM Focus on support to country-level interventions

Why stdm? In summary… It can facilitate the recording of all forms of land rights and claims (e.g. slums, customary, overlaps , claims, etc.) Based on open and free software packages – It is affordable and scalable Based on global standard (LADM) – It can be shared Can complement other tools and can be used for different purposes and context – It is flexible and multi-purpose Does not require highly skilled professionals to operate – It is simple to use Promotes equity, participation, transparency, efficiency, sustainability and affordability

CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT… Provision of a flexible, unconventional land administration i.e. ‘extension’ to existing LAS Poverty reduction – land rights and claims of the poor are brought into the system over time Improve security of tenure Increase conflict resolution Limit forced evictions Help poor engage with land industry in undertaking land management e.g. slum upgrading, rural land management

ONLINE RESOURCES For more information, please visit www.stdm.gltn.net or subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-user To receive important news and updates around STDM in general, subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-announce If you find an issue working with STDM, please report it so that developers can check and fix it. To report a bug, subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-dev or post it in GitHub at: https://github.com/gltn/stdm/issues To browse the source codes or extend the core platform, access the repository here: https://github.com/gltn/stdm

UN-Habitat, P.O Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya THANK YOU! NEED TO KNOW MORE? GLTN Secretariat UN-Habitat, P.O Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya stdm@unhabitat.org www.stdm.gltn.net