Chapter 10 THE TRIUMPH OF WHITE MEN’S DEMOCRACY

Democratic Culture Ralph Waldo Emerson stressed the importance of individualism, individual inspiration, self-reliance, dissent, and nonconformity

The Election of 1824 and J. Q. Adams’s Administration A “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams Protective tariffs became key issue “Tariff of Abominations”

The Election of 1824

Jackson Comes to Power Campaign dominated by personal attacks and mudslinging Jacksonians won by portraying Jackson as authentic man of the people

Jackson the War Hero

Jackson Square, New Orleans

Clay + Jackson

Jackson’s Inauguration

Indian Removal Jackson felt that federal government had not removed Indians quickly enough Some southern states asserted authority over Indians in their borders Worcester v. Georgia (1832) "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!”

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears (1838)

The Nullification Crisis South opposed tariffs VP John C. Calhoun spelled out Doctrine of Nullification—right of a state to nullify federal law About slavery as much as Tariff

Debate over Tariffs Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) Senator Webster (NH) supported a protective tariff for New England states Opposed nullification as means of maintaining union “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” Reprints of Webster’s speech circulated more than any other previous speech in history

The Nullification Crisis South Carolina nullified Tariff of 1832 Force Bill authorized Jackson to use military to enforce federal law S.C. gave in Nullification foreshadowed state sovereignty positions of the South in slavery debates

The Bank Veto Biddle sought new charter for BUS four years early in 1832 Congress passed, but Jackson vetoed Jackson destroyed bank by removing federal deposits Funds transferred to state (“pet”) banks

Jackson Destroying the Devil’s Bank

Effects of Bank Veto Led to extended credit and speculation This eventually created a recession Senate voted to officially censure President Jackson Only time in history

Why is this ironic?

The Election of 1832

Assassination Attempt

The Election of 1836

The Second Party System Whigs and Democrats Whig Party a coalition of forces, united in opposition Jackson Whigs supported the American System

Election of 1840 Whig candidate William Henry Harrison Image built of a common man who had been born in a log cabin “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

Democratic Political Institutions Expanded suffrage Most states dropped property requirement Increased voter participation Many appointed offices made elective Most presidential electors chosen by popular vote rather than state legislatures by 1828