ANTIBIOTICS-Sulfonamides Sulfonamides(sulfa drugs): are bacteriostatic(stops microbe reproduction) MOA: microbes need PABA to make adenine/guanine (DNA). Sulfa drugs look like PABA and get used instead. Indications: UTI, respiratory infection Reactions: allergies, easy sunburn, kidney damage Considerations: Avoid sunlight, drink more water Examples: Bactrim silvadene

ANTIBIOTICS-penicillins The ‘miracle drug’ of WW2. Penicillium mold killed staphylococci plate. MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis. Indications: abcess, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory infection Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrhea Considerations: take with water, avoid cokes/food, can interfere with birth control pills Examples: Amoxil Ampicillin bactocill

ANTIBIOTICS-cephalosporins cephalosporium fungus killed staph. aureus MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis. Indications: URI, sinus infection, surgeries,meningitis Reactions: anaphylaxis, rash, diarrhea, easy bleeding Considerations: avoid if allergic to penicillin, diarrheas, can interfere with birth control pills Examples: keflex omnicef suprax

monobactams/carbapenems Beta-lactam ring(cyclic amine) MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis. Kills gram negative bacteria. adverse reaction---like penicillin…possible increased seizures example--azactram/aztreonam carbapenems MOA: drug will bind to cell wall and blocks cell wall formation yields lysis. Kills gram pos and negative bacteria. example---impenem/primaxin

tetracyclines MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids indications---acne,bronchitis,walking pneumonia, Lyme disease adverse reactions---GI issues,sunlight issues considerations---avoid with dairy, dental birth defects, expired may cause death, avoid under 9yoa 4 hydrocarbon rings examples----tetracycline/achromycin doxycycline/monodox

macrolides MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes,prevents adding new amino acids kills gram positive, enteric coated indications---clamydia, pulmonary infection adverse reactions---GI issues, liver considerations--take with food, do not chew examples----erythromycins azithromycin/zithromax clarithromycin/biaxin

ketolides MOA--inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes at 2 sites,prevents adding new amino acids derived from eryhtromycin structure change indications---lung/sinus infection adverse reactions---blurred vision and GI issues, liver only telithromycin/ketek available in US

quinolones block baterial DNA synthesis kills gram neg and positive indications---bone/joint infection, URI, UTI adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness, joint swelling considerations--avoid antacid, tendon damage, avoid if pregnant examples---- ciprofloxacin/cipro levofloxacin/lavaquin

streptogramins inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes kills gram neg and positive indications---MRSA adverse reactions---GI issues, dizziness, joint swelling,site reaction considerations---must not contact saline, refrigerate examples---- quinupristin-dalfopristin combo /synercid

aminoglycosides inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes indications---sepsis, life threatening infection adverse reactions---nephrotoxic, ototoxic, tinnitus,deafness considerations---adjust doses examples---- neomycin/mycifradin streptomycin/streptomycin tobracycin/nebcin

glycopeptide Inhibit cell wall synthesis, not active against gram-negative bacteria Only vancomycin/vancocin is FDA approved Used for MRSA or serious, life-threatening infections by gram-positive bacteria unresponsive to other antibiotics Reactions—redman flush,thrombophelitis, injection necrosis site, bone marrow suppression Mostly IV route

Kill the microbe Sterilization—all microbes dead Filtration---removed not dead(HEPA) UV radiation---lethal Disinfectant---reduced microbe population Sanitization---safe level still alive Antiseptic---inhibit growth