Topic 13 – Waves vs. Particles Mr. Jean

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Presentation transcript:

Topic 13 – Waves vs. Particles Mr. Jean IB Physics 12 Topic 13 – Waves vs. Particles Mr. Jean

The plan: Video clip of the day Millikan’s Spotting experiment Wave Duality De Broglie Wave Length Compton Scattering

De Broglie Wavelength http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDYMuzo40LU

Wave - Particle Duality of Light Modern age physics accepts that light sometimes acts as a wave and at other times acts like a particle. Both matter and electromagnetic energy exhibit some properties of waves and some properties of particles.

Wave Duality: Small Wave Length: Large Wave Length: Behaves like a particle. Large Wave Length: Behaves like a wave.

Compton scattering: This was the second big experiment which proved that photons existed. It also had some interesting results.

With collisions we must consider: Conservation of Energy: Conservation of momentum:

Compton scattering: Major discovery supporting Quantum Theory

Compton Scattering: Compton scattering depends on how big the wave is as it interacts with the material’s surface in comparison to the Compton wave length.

Compton Scattering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI2C4VlR1OM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI2C4VlR1OM&list=PLFIIOUbmbUQI6vJD0kvxqcNoRAGXZ-0dx This is a list of different videos explaining (some with examples) of the Compton scattering model.

The Problem: Electrons moving around a nucleus in roughly circular or elliptical paths would feel a centripetal force and would therefore have centripetal acceleration. But accelerating charges produce electric magnetic radiation, therefore these electrons should continuously emit energy, slow down, and eventually collapse into the nucleus. Obviously, this does not happen.

Bohr's Explanation: Laws of electromagnetism do not apply at atomic level. Within an atom energy is only absorbed or emitted when electrons change energy levels and this energy is QUANTIZED. electrons are either in lowest energy state (ground state) or certain allowed levels (excited state).

To move from one level to another, electrons must emit or absorb a photon with a certain amount of energy (E = hf). This absorbed or emitted photon had an energy value equal to the difference between energy levels.

Energy Levels: Bohr found that for the hydrogen atom, the energy associated with a particular level was given by: En = Energy from change (J) n = Quantum level

Where n is principle quantum number (energy level) and energy is negative because energy is being added to pull the electron away from the nucleus.

Changing Energy Levels to Electrons: This is a great website highlighting states of energy in matter. http://www.kcvs.ca/martin/astro/au/unit2/61/chp6_1.html

For the remainder of class: Review Topics SL  Review material on Topic #4 HL  Review

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