EUMETSAT's role in Copernicus and contribution to CAMS C. Retscher, R. Munro, R. Lang, M. Grzegorski, A. Holdak, A. Kokhanovsky, G. Poli, R. Lindstrot, R. Huckle, A. Cacciari, T. Marbach, A. Lacan, M. Dobber, R. Stuhlmann, P. Schluessel, S. Elliott and D. Provost

The Copernicus Programme at EUMETSAT The Copernicus tasks entrusted to EUMETSAT by the European Commission under the DA are organised in building blocks, including three main building blocks covering operations of Copernicus dedicated missions by EUMETSAT and delivery of Copernicus data and product services from these missions and from Contributing and third party missions. Provision of AOD and FRP from S-3

Status of Copernicus activities at EUMETSAT Activities implemented as per 2015 Work Programme, with some activities postponed to 2016 as a result of J-3 & S-3A launch delays. The 2017 work plan has been released to EC and under EC approval process; Successful Jason-3 and Sentinel-3 launches. With Jason-3 OGDR data dissemination to trial users started; Approval given by the EC to the Sentinel-3 AOD and FRP products, with expected operational start of service in 2017; Regular Bilateral Commission-EUMETSAT management meetings are proving effective along with regular attendance at Programme Committee and User Forum meetings; EC has signed data access agreements with the US and Australia, with other countries under discussion. EUMETSAT is finalising Technical Operating Agreements (TOA) with NOAA and CSIRO to cover the technical arrangements for dissemination of Sentinel-3 data

EUMETSAT Missions Providing Aerosol, Trace-Gases and Cloud Products GOME-2 Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GRAS GPS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer HIRS/4 High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder IASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer AMSU-A1 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A1 MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder ASCAT Advanced SCATterometer AMSU-A2 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A2 Metop Multi-mission product (PMAp) Metop GOME-2 (Metop-A/B/C 2007-2025) MSG (Seviri 1997-2025) Sentinel-3 OLCI, SLSTR (S3 launched 16 Feb 2016) MTG UVN (Sentinel-4) MTG FCI & IRS (MTG launch in 2020) EPS-SG 3MI EPS-SG UVNS (Sentinel-5) EPS-SG VII EPS-SG IAS (EPS-SG launch in 2022)

PMAp sensors - EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) GOME-2 Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GRAS GPS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer HIRS/4 High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder IASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer AMSU-A1 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A1 MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder ASCAT Advanced SCATterometer AMSU-A2 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A2

AOD: PMAp operational product from Metop PMAp: Polar Multi-sensor Aerosol product AOD over ocean, aerosol type classification (fine mode, coarse mode, volcanic ash) Cloud fraction, cloud optical are also provided Delivered as a GOME-2 product (PMD resolution) Pre-operational since Q2/2014 Fully operational product quality status since October 14th 2014 Distributed by EUMETCast in netcdf4 March 2016: Operational implementation of PMAp Release 2 including retrieval over land (demonstrational); v2.1 end of 2016

PMAp results: AOD Metop A & Metop B Aug 30, 2013 (bottom) June 2013 (top)

PMAp comparisons to AERONET Continuous monitoring and validation Ocean: Stations on islands and selected coastal stations Continuous monitoring since Ja 2014 (ocean, 01/14-01/15 shown) Max spatial difference: 60km; max temporal difference: 30min Figs: 1 year data (all 2014) All PMAp values, PMAp clear sky values R= 0.85-0.95 – data selection sensitive, clear sky case better Land: Stations on continents (including coastal stations) Two weeks period, 80 stations around the world Max spatial difference: 30km; max temporal difference: 30min METOP-A AOD (PMAp) METOP-B AOD (AERONET)

Atmospheric Composition Services Ozone Layer and UV Monitoring – Ozone Layer GOME-2 FM3 Metop-A GOME-2 FM2 Metop-B GOME-2 Metop-A data actively assimilated GOME-2 Metop-B data passively monitored by MACC-III First solar spectrum for GOME-2/Metop-B taken on 29th of October 2012! (launch 17th Sep 2012) GOME-2/Metop-A & Metop-B Extra tropical storm “Sandy” 30th October 2012

Atmospheric Composition Services Air Quality and Atmospheric Composition - Volcanic and anthropogenic SO2 Effusive eruption of Bárðarbunga – September 2014 SO2 over China – November 2007 Volcanic ash mass loading and SO2 products from geostationary sounders under development Volcanic and anthropogenic SO2

Trace gas and AAI products from Metop (GOME-2 / IASI) Operational products by the O3MSAFs EPS-IASI Algorithm: FORLI (Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI, Hurtmans et al., JQSRT 2012) CO profiles + AK operational SO2 columns (2017) O3 profiles + AK (2017) HNO3 profiles (2018) Credits: ULB/LATMOS Place-holders for SO2, O3 and HNO3 have been prepared in the IASI L2 products. EPS-SG IASI-NG: CO profile, CO partial column, CH4 partial column, HNO3 partial column, NO2 total column, NH3 total column, O3 profile, O3 total column, SO2 total column

Aerosol Products from EPS-SG EPS-SG 3MI Dedicated to aerosol characterisation for: Climate monitoring Air quality monitoring and forecasting Numerical Weather Prediction 2D Push-broom radiometer (2200 km swath, 4 km pixel at nadir) Provide images of the Earth TOA outgoing radiance using: Multi-view (10 to 14 views; angular sampling in the order of 10°) Multi-channel (12 channels from 410 to 2130 nm) Multi-polarisation (9 channels with -60°, 0°, +60° polarisers) POLDER heritage A synergetic aerosol product using (VII) METimage, UVN (Sentinel-5) and IAS (IASI-NG) is also planned

3MI observation concept 3MI Multi Viewing Angle Acquisition Radiances Degree of polarization EUMETSAT 3MI test-data study results c View 1 c View N c View 2N Detectors Wheel Optical heads Filters

Co-location and co-registration Towards an EPS-SG hyper-instrument 3MI/S5/IASI-NG/VII - MAP Combining co-locations of VII/Sentinel5/IASI-NG observations with co-registered multi-viewing observations (3MI) on 3MI multi-viewing fixed grid. Sentinel-5 UV-Vis-SWIR hyper spectral sounder Co-location and co-registration 0.29 – 15mm 0.5 – 7 km2 ~ 19000 channels EPS-SG hyper-instrument IASI-NG IR hyper spectral sounder VII Very high spatial resolution, multi channel imager 3MI Multi-viewing, Multi-polarisation, Multi-channel imager Initial product: Multi-sensor Aerosol product (MAP) EPS-SG Platform

EUMETSAT 3MI/Multi-Sensor products Product chain PGS* 3MI Level-1B EPS-SG Multi-viewing, Multi-spectral, co-registration and co-location Multi-Sensor S5/VII/ IRS/3MI 3MI L2 Aerosol/Cloud 3MI L1C EPS-SG Multi-Sensor Aerosol VII-cloud 3MI-L2 PGF EPS-SG L2 PGF from ATBD-aerosol/cloud 3MI-L1C PGF 3MI- L2 PGF 3MI- L1C PGF MAP L2 PGF

AC-team 3MI/Multi-Sensor EPS-SG Data products EPS-SG L2 Day-1 aerosol products (LUT based approach) from 3MI and multi-sensor retrievals Aerosol products Units or flags References Comments 1.1 Aerosol height km Buriez et al. (1997); Ferlay et al. (2010); Kokhanovsky and Rozanov(2010); van Didienhoven et al. (2013) From q at the wavelengths 410nm/865nm and from the ratio of reflectances at the wavelengths 763, 765nm 1.2 Aerosol type 1-marine 2-continental 3- polluted 4-smoke 5-dust 6-volcanic ash 7-uncertain Dubovik et al. (2002) Levy (2009) The mixed aerosol type can be a mixture of any types of aerosols 1.3 Effective radius of particles mm Kokhanovsky and de Leeuw (2009) Most probable value: 0.1-4 2.1 Aerosol optical thickness - Most probable value: 0.05 - 1.0 2.2 Single scattering albedo Most probable value: 0.8 - 1.0 2.3 Refractive index Dubovik et al. (2002) Most probable value: 1) n=1.34-1.64; 2)k=0-0.03 PGS* EPS-SG Multi-viewing, Multi-spectral, co-registration and co-location 3MI Level 1B 3MI L2 Aerosol/Cloud EPS-SG L2 PGF PGS* EPS-SG Multi-viewing, Multi-spectral, co-registration and co-location Multi-Sensor S5/VII/ IRS/3MI EPS-SG Multi-Sensor Aerosol EPS-SG L2 PGF Day-2: Full scale RTM OE based approach (GRASP-type or similar )

EPS-SG UVNS Sentinel-5 UV-NIR-SWIR hyper spectral instrument from low-earth polar orbit Sentinel-5 will build on the heritage from the GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2/OMI series of instruments and will provide continuity with these instruments The spatial resolution will be significantly improved compared to previous missions (~ 7 x 7 km at SSP), which is important to support development of air quality applications Sentinel-5 level 1 and 2 products will be produced operationally by EUMETSAT Launch of EPS-SG 2021/22

Sentinel-5 Day-1 Trace-gas, Aerosol/Cloud Products UV-NIR-SWIR hyper spectral instrument from low-earth polar orbit Parameter Clouds Effective Optical Depth (cirrus only) Effective Height Fraction/Mask from VII Aerosol UV Absorbing Index Layer Height Surface Albedo Ozone O3 Stratospheric Vertical Profile Tropospheric Column Total Column Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Sulfur dioxide SO2 Total Column and Height Formaldehyde HCHO Methane CH4 Carbon monoxide CO UV Spectrally Resolved Irradiance at Surface and UV Index Glyoxal CHOCHO Scene heterogeneity from VII Results from a test data study

MTG-S UVN Sentinel-4 UV-NIR hyper spectral instrument from geostationary orbit Sentinel-4 has heritage from the GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2/OMI series of instruments Primary focus is the monitoring of air quality in the European domain with high spatial and temporal resolution The spatial resolution will be ~ 8 x 8 km with hourly temporal resolution Sentinel-4 level 1 and 2 products will be produced operationally by EUMETSAT Launch of MTG-S 2021/22

Sentinel-4 Trace-gas, Aerosol/Cloud Products UV-NIR hyper spectral instrument from geostationary orbit Centrally processed Level-2 Products and dependencies Level-1b products of the Sentinel-4 UVN mission Product Parameter Dependency Distributed S4/UVN FCI IRS Core Total Ozone Total O3 column L1b to all users Core Tropospheric Ozone Tropospheric O3 sub- column Core Nitrogen Dioxide NO­2 total column, tropospheric sub-column Core Sulfur Dioxide SO2 total column Core Formaldehyde CH2O total column Core Glyoxal (1) CHOCHO total column Core Aerosol Index Aerosol absorbing index Core Aerosol Layer Height Aerosol layer height Core Cloud Cloud optical thickness, fraction, altitude Core Surface Surface reflectance (Lambertian equivalent albedo and bi-directional reflectance factor), aerosol optical thickness Core Cloud Support (2) Cloud and scene characteristics from FCI re- sampled to S4 L1b spatial grid L2 and L1c Innovative Aerosol (1) Aerosol column optical thickness, type, layer height, absorbing index L1c Innovative Cloud (1) Innovative Ozone (1) O3 with enhanced separation of the lower troposphere Product Parameter Distributed Earth radiance Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated and geolocated Earth radiance to all users Solar irradiance Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated Solar irradiance DPPF L1b data processing parameters Star Star calibration data to Expert Users Calibration Calibration data Diagnostic Instrument diagnostic data  Preliminary results from a test data study, TOA radiance

Atmosphere Data Services Sentinel-3, SNPP Geophysical parameters/type mapping of products delivered by the EUMETSAT Copernicus Atmosphere Data Service to the satellites/missions, instruments or set of instruments, and timeliness of the corresponding products Atmosphere Data Service Satellite Instrument Timeliness NRT STC NTC Aerosol Optical Depth Sentinel-3 SLSTR X S-NPP VIIRS Fire Radiative Power Ozone Nadir Profile OMPS Ozone Total Column

End–to–end services supporting Atmosphere Monitoring Service: Sentinel-5p, Sentinel-3 Further to EC's request, EUMETSAT is currently assessing the dissemination of S-5P NRT data using EUMETCast (push) as a complementary operational data service delivery There are currently no Sentinel-3 atmosphere products delivered Two products implemented in the future for Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Fire Radiative Power (FRP) from SLSTR EUMETSAT to generate and deliver the atmospheric NRT products while ESA to generate and disseminate corresponding off-line products. Both NRT products will be derived from SLSTR L1B products, while the off-line AOD product will be based on SLSTR and OLCI L1B All EUMETSAT data access services will be used to distribute NRT AOD and FRP products (Data Centre for the on-demand distribution of these products) Approval given by EC to AOD and FRP, PDR Aug/Sep 2016, CDR Oct/Nov 2016, FAR May 2017 (AOD) and Mar 2017 (FRP) Final Delivery FAR+1m

Third-Party Data in Support of the Copernicus Atmosphere Service All S-NPP products listed are already being delivered to Copernicus users The same considerations regarding the requirements on the S-NPP products apply for marine and atmosphere services S-NPP Copernicus data services depend on infrastructure support functions and services that are not under the control of EUMETSAT but NOAA The target value for the relative (i.e. EUM only) availability set to 99.5% and 15 minutes respectively

NOAA OMPS/VIIRS Data Request and Status Receiving OMPS Nadir Profiles in BUFR Receiving OMPS Total Column EDRs (in BUFR) Ongoing discussion on a dedicated "volcanic ash" product from OMPS Recommended use of OMPS INCTO products for now; source for BUFR Total Column Ozone Map products Current operational OMPS products are still from the Multiple Triplet algorithm. They include an Absorbing Aerosol Index and an SO2 Index. SO2 Index channels are weak and the results are sensitive to instrument noise/systematic bias NOAA/NASA are moving forward with an implementation of the V8 Total Ozone Retrieval Algorithm to be followed by the implementation of Kai Yang's Linear Fit SO2 algorithm developed for OMI Both algorithms running at STAR and an evaluation of the products is requested. A test day's processing can be supplied in NetCDF files (see Figs. next page) Plan to create the full month of January 2016 as part of our Algorithm Readiness Review and are working with the NDE BUFR team to switch the total ozone to this new product and add the SO2 estimates as well NOAA developing a volcanic ash product from VIIRS that will become operational in April-July time frame.

NOAA OMPS/VIIRS Data Status: SO2 Iceland volcano SO2 plume (only one orbit shown) on Sept. 4, 2014 estimated by STAR algorithm (see Fig. left) Indonesia Kelud volcano SO2 plume on Feb. 14, 2014 estimated by STAR algorithm (see Fig. below)

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