Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is the study of thinking processes. Cognitive psychologists use scientific methods to investigate how people.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Instructions Individually, choose a component of working memory. Write a short paragraph describing the main features of this working memory component.

Advertisements

True or False… Are the following statements true or false, according to the multi-store model… 1. Atkinson and Shipman developed the Multi-Store Model.

Primary Memory. Questions for this section Is there more than one kind of primary memory? What is the capacity of primary memory? What do serial position.

Evidence for Multi-store model: 1.Primacy-Recency Effect - Atkinson (1970). When presented with lists to remember we recall first and last items best.

Control processes The kinds of mental processes carried out on a memory 3 main types –Encoding processes –Retention processes –Retrieval processes.

University of Leicester Year 1 Psychology Learning and Memory Professor Graham Davies Lecture 4 Copies of Overheads Working Memory and Levels of Processing.

Today we will… Recall what a case study is and some examples from cognitive psychology Examine what is involved in compiling a case study Discuss how a.

Chapter 6 Long-Term Memory: Structure. Some Questions to Consider How does damage to the brain affect the ability to remember what has happened in the.

Serial Position Effects in Free Recall In a free recall task, you are given a list of words, one word at a time, and immediately afterwards you try to.

The modal model because of the huge influence it has had on memory research.

Lesson Two: Distinction between STM and LTM Specification A – Models of Memory 1.The multi-store model including concepts of encoding, capacity and duration.

Human Cognitive Processes: psyc 345 Ch. 6 Long-term memory Takashi Yamauchi © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University)

THE MODAL MODEL Sensory Information Store Short Term Memory (STM) Long Term Memory (LTM) input recode rehearse retrieve Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

Memory liudexiang. contents The sensory registers Short term memory Long term memory forgetting.

Multi Store Model Calvin Laverick. Why have a model? A model is useful so we can test and investigate how memory works. – Without one, this would be very.

Cognitive Level of Analysis. Principles of Cognitive Level of Analysis 1.Mental processes guide behavior. 2.There is a biological basis for cognitive.

Cognitive Psychology Study of thinking processes Based on computer metaphor i.e. we try to understand the mind by comparing it to a computer: InputProcessingOutput.

Memory Lesson 4 – Core Study BATs Explain the serial position effect (C/D) Describe Terry’s experiment in the recall of TV commercials (D) Outline the.

By Mr Daniel Hansson. Important definitions Encoding: When an experience is converted into a memory construct Storage: When a memory is stored over time.

Types of Long-Term Memory

Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies. We will be focusing on two models of memory.

Models of Memory Attempt to give a systematic account of the structure and functioning of memory Tend to be sketchier than full theories, hence ‘models’

The Multi-Store Model. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

3.5 Evaluate two models of memory

The Multistore Model of Memory (MSM) Atkinson & Schffrin (1968)

Cognitive Neuroscience (Psychology 460) Summer Quarter Mondays & Wednesdays 12:00 – 2:10pm This course will focus on answering the question, “How are cognitive.

Getting you thinking: Extension: What evidence might we consider? What might we take into consideration when evaluating the multi-store model?

Overview of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Sensory Signals Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL.

Draw the WMM. Include as much detail as you can..

Introduction to Long-Term Memory (LTM) Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 04/28/2016: Lecture 05-4 Note: This Powerpoint presentation.

1. Multi-store Model of Memory

Evaluating the Multi-Store Model

Teaching with Depth An Understanding of Webb’s Depth of Knowledge

Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology

Long-Term Memory: Structure

Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology

Structural, Phonological, Semantic

Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology

Warm – Up #1 1. What is psychology?

Models of Memory SAQ workshop.

Levels of Processing Memory Model (LoP)

Multi-Store Memory Model

3.5 Evaluate two models of memory

Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology

Multistore model of memory

Introduction to Long-Term Memory

Memory Models of Memory.

For you: two models of memory

Learning Ms. Carmelitano.

MSM: evaluation Lesson 11.

Cognitive approach Lesson 6.

The Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Psychology Memory – L2

Goals of Psychology!.

What are the key terms in social learning theory?

Short-Term/Long-Term Memory Distinction

Evidence for the Working Memory Model.

Quick Quiz Identify and describe the types of guidance, giving a sporting example of each. Identify and describe the types of feedback, giving a sporting.

Forgetting The inability to recall or recognise something that was previously learned In short-term memory Decay Displacement In long-term memory Interference.

Theories of LTM.

Starter… Recap Draw the MSM of memory

Use of Models to explain behaviour

IB Psychology Today’s Agenda: Turn in: Nothing

Preview p.2 Test your intuitions about Psychology, the study of behavior. Pick up a T/F quiz at the front table. DO NOT WRITE ON QUIZ List your answers.

G © Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2017.

AQA Psychology Paper 1: introductory Topics in Psychology

Paper 1 Introductory Topics in Psychology Memory

Questions about Memory

Presentation transcript:

Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is the study of thinking processes. Cognitive psychologists use scientific methods to investigate how people take in, use and store information about the world. Memory is one topic within cognitive psychology. Others include perception, attention and problem solving.

Memory 1. What research tells us

What we need to learn... Defining memory, STM, LTM, Primacy & Recency, rehearsal, displacement & depth of processing. Describing research studies into these effects including Murdoch (1962); Rundus (1971); Glanzer & Cunitz (1966); Milner et al (1968); Craik & Tulving (1975). Learning habits: Distilling Skills: Academic reading AND explaining why these effects occur. AND using these effects to predict what will happen in different situations involving memory.

Memory Memory is ‘the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present.’ (Sternberg, 1999). How many times have you used your memory since you woke up this morning? What did you use it for?

Primacy & recency effects Murdoch (1962) Rundus (1971) Glanzer & Cunitz (1966) Taken together, the findings of these studies tell us about the basic structure of human memory.

Quick quiz... All of these studies used the serial position technique: Murdoch (1962) Rundus (1971) Glanzer & Cunitz (1966) How did their (a) methods and (b) results differ?

Primacy & recency effects Murdoch (1962) Primacy Effect Recency Effect % of people who recall word Position of word in list

Primacy & recency effects Murdoch (1962) Rundus (1971) Glanzer & Cunitz (1966) Primacy Effect Recency Effect % of people who recall word Position of word in list

Primacy & recency effects Murdoch (1962) found that recall was better for items at the start (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list. Why might this be? Rundus (1971) found that when you speed up the rate of presentation, the primacy effect disappears but not the recency effect. Why might this be? Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) found that when you give a mental task before recall, the recency effect disappears but not the primacy effect. Why might this be?

Commenting on findings ____ observed that the participants… This shows that people…(what the findings suggest about human memory more generally). This is because…(the theoretical explanation).

Commenting - success criteria The comment clearly separates the observation and the interpretation. The interpretation says why the observation occurred (i.e. it explains the observation, not just describes it). The explanation refers to theoretical ideas like STM, LTM and rehearsal.

Distinctiveness effect (LTM) Primacy Effect Recency Effect % of people who recall word Position of word in list

Level of processing effect (LTM) Craik & Tulving (1975) and similar studies. Self- reference Meaning Mean recall Sound Appearance Type of processing

What do you see? What do you think? What do you wonder? https://youtu.be/c62C_yTUyVg 3.10

Amnesia patients Amnesia is an impairment of memory. There are several different types. Milner et al (1968) studied a unique (and, to psychologists, very famous) amnesia patient called ‘HM’. What does Milner’s case study tell us about the structure and functioning of human memory?

Deep Reading A study technique for learning more from complex texts. 1. Choose a ‘teacher’ 2. Silent reading (one section) 3. Teacher asks a ‘teacher’s question’, rest of group discusses and agrees an answer with teacher. 4. Teacher summarises section. 5. Repeat from step 1 until end of text.

Why read a text this way? How does it compare with what you might do if I just asked you to read the text individually?

Amnesia Patients Functioning STM but impaired LTM HM - Milner et al (1968) Clive Wearing (Dollar, 1986) Functioning LTM but impaired STM KF (Shallice & Warrington, 1970)

Describe the studies of memory we learned about last time Describe the studies of memory we learned about last time. Outline their findings. Explain what the studies show.

“Memory is the residue that thinking leaves behind “Memory is the residue that thinking leaves behind.” (Willingham, 2009)