The byzantine, Russian, and Mongol Empires Unit iii

The East Roman Empire , or The Byzantine Empire

The byzantine empire traced its roots to the roman empire

The Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Emperor Known as the “Last Roman” Takes power in 527 Known as the “Last Roman” Unpopular ruler Financial problems from conquest and local projects Heavily influenced by his wife, the Empress Theodora

Justinian Code Created the Justinian Code Code Lasted 900 years Code- 5,000 Roman Laws Digest- the opinions of Rome best lawyers Institution- Textbook that told students about law Novellae- New Laws Code Lasted 900 years

Retaking the West Belisarius General Retakes most of Western Roman Empire Justinian's muscle

The great schism The Bishop in Constantinople split from the Catholic Church. Disputes over communion, priest marriage, and excommunication First major fractioning of Christianity The split would shape Europe for centuries Rome no longer had any authority over the Byzantine Empire

Areas that became orthodox

Fall of the byzantine empire Constantinople became the center for law, art, and religion The city was the heart of Byzantine culture The Empire fell in 1453 after a steady decline The Empire fell when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks The Ottomans would change Constantinople's name to Istanbul. Istanbul became an important Islamic city. The center of the Orthodox world moved to Moscow.

The Origins of mother Russia

Kiev Rus Kiev was a center for trade, but susceptible to attack. The Rus converted to Byzantine Christianity. Kiev can be considered the predecessor state for modern Russia. Kiev was eventually defeated by the Mongols in 1240.

The Mongols feast in Moscow after a decisive victory

Muscovy Rus Known as Appendage Russia (under the Mongols) Khanate of the Golden Horde Moscow becomes the most important economic and political Russian city under the Mongols Muscovite Princes become “tax collectors” Muscovite Princes had to be appointed my the Mongols Population shift to the northwest begins

Muscovy rus

Ivan III (Ivan the great) Asserted Russian independence from the Mongols Modeled his empire after the Byzantine Empire Conquered and declared himself ruler of all Russian people Took title “Tsar” meaning Caesar Established the first united Russian State

The Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire Established by Chinggis Khan Declared ruler of all Mongols in 1206 Largest land Empire of all time by 1279 Influenced Russia, China, and Persia More indirectly they affected Western Europe But not India… Like Alexander, little administration Ruthless but tolerant? Religious tolerance

The Mongols in Persia Note the written language used

The Empire split into four After the Great Kahn’s death, wars over succession were fought by decedents Kublai Khan established Chinese portion of the Empire This land was protected by water to the east Big advantage over the other successor states

Marco Polo visits china Marco Polo - an Italian explorer visited the court of Kublai Khan He traveled by sea, avoiding the Himalayas First European to document his visit to China Encouraged European trade to East Asia Inspired the European age of exploration