“Agronomic and socio-economic impacts of New Plant Biotechnologies” Dr Emilio Rodríguez-Cerezo Joint Research Centre-IPTS FAO-EPSO Consultation Workshop “Plant Sciences for Sustainable Crop Production: Strengthening Partnerships between Europe and Developing Countries” 25-27 June 2012 FAO-Rome

The JRC

JRC-IPTS A Policy Studies Institute: support to EU policy-making Customers: EC DGs but also Member States and EP Focus: “Techno-economics” research to generate evidence-based responses to policy challenges that are essentially socio-economic in nature, but that also scientific/technological connection Tools: expert panels, surveys, economic modelling, scenario analysis (quantitative)

JRC-IPTS “AGRITECH” Mission Research on the adoption and socio-economic impacts of biotechnologies in agriculture (technologies regulated at EU or global level) Develop codes of practice for adopted technologies at farm level to manage economic risks and maximize benefits (coexistence) Pre-normative research: policy options for governance of new plant technologies

1 Socio-Economic and Agronomic Impact Assessment of biotech (GM) crops & policies: global reviews Stakeholder conference on Socio Economic Impacts GMOs (October 2011 Brussels) Review of scientific evidence: Statistical meta-analyses of published papers on GM crop impacts FAO/JRC workshop on global SE Impacts of GM crops (to be released on Thursday 28 June 2012)

Socio-Economic & Agronomic Impacts of GM crops Ex-post analyses (after crop is introduced) Ex-ante analyses (before crop is authorized) Impacts on yields Impacts on farm-family income Impacts on agricultural input use (pesticides) Socio-demographic characterization of farmers adopting the technology Reasons for adoption/non-adoption

Socio Economic Impact of GM crops: impacts for global trade of agricultural products Identify regulatory status of plant biotech varieties world wide and commercial pipeline (5-10 years horizon) Spot problems of asynchronous approvals Consequences: trade restrictions, bans… SEA, Cartagena

2 Codes of practice for new technologies: Coexistence between GM/non GM crops and supply chains EU “Coexistence” objectives: ensure farmer and consumer right to chose Elaborate consensus best agronomic practices to avoid unintended mixing of harvests/ Measures to be technically feasible and uncompromising with farm economic viability Goal: manage the economic risk of admixtures

http://ecob.jrc.ec.europa.eu ECoB “European Coexistence Bureau” JRC, member states experts, stakeholders Developing best agricultural practices for coexistence Scope: from sowing to harvest http://ecob.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Policy anticipation/Emerging plant biotechnologies 3 Policy anticipation/Emerging plant biotechnologies GMO legal definition is 20 years old in EU Novel biotechnologies developed in the last decade are now applied by breeders Their regulatory “classification” is unclear worldwide But their potential in agronomy is high

ZINC FINGER NUCLEASE TECHNOLOGY (ZFN 1-3) OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS (ODM) RNA-DEPENDENT DNA METHYLATION (RdDM) CISGENESIS AND INTRAGENESIS GRAFTING (ON GM ROOTSTOCK) AGRO-INFILTRATION REVERSE BREEDING (SYNTHETIC GENOMICS)

NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES ZINC FINGER NUCLEASE TECHNIQUE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS MEGANUCLEASE TECHNIQUE CISGENESIS AND INTRAGENESIS REVERSE BREEDING RNA DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION EARLY FLOWERING AGROINFILTRATION GRAFTING ON GM ROOTSTOCK

State of the of R&D and patenting in NPBT Current degree of adoption of the new breeding techniques by industry Pipeline/calendar for potential products to market Drivers: technical/economic advantages Constraints: regulatory uncertainty, technical efficiency, safety issues Comparative policy/regulatory status (EU, Canada, Australia, Japan, Argentina)

Lusser, M. , Parisi, C. , Plan, D. , Rodriguez-Cerezo, E. , 2012 Lusser, M., Parisi, C., Plan, D., Rodriguez-Cerezo, E., 2012. Nat Biotech 30, 231-239.

Lusser, M. , Parisi, C. , Plan, D. , Rodriguez-Cerezo, E. , 2012 Lusser, M., Parisi, C., Plan, D., Rodriguez-Cerezo, E., 2012. Nat Biotech 30, 231-239.

Breeding 2020 “Plant breeding for EU Bioeconomy & food security” Breeding needs for EU food security/bioeconomy Gaps not covered by private sector Potential of public sector and PPPs Structure of the public sector: funding/staff/outputs (varieties) Workshops w/stakeholders & industry Final report end 2012

Thank you for your attention