Dr. Soukaina Tawfiq Ryalat Oral and maxillofacial surgeon,Jordan University Hospital,Assistant professor at Jordan University. FFD ,Royal college of surgeons Ireland Staff member,at Royal Adelaide Hospital\university 2005\2006. Australia

Infection Control In Surgical Practise Aseptic Techniques And Universal Precautions

* To perform surgery the dentist typically violates an epithelial surface. * During most oral surgical procedures the dentist, assistant an equipments become contaminated with the patients blood and saliva

Universal precautions Should be followed by ALL personnel ALL the times on ALL patients. This applies to ALL personnel performing invasive procedures.

Bacteria * Oral Cavity *Nasal Cavity *Facial Skin Non Facial Skin

Viral Organisms Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis B and D are spread by contact with any human secretions. Minute quantities of the virus have been found capable of transmitting disease (.000001 virions \ ml of blood) The hepatitis virus is exceptionally resistant to desiccation and chemical disinfectants Only about half of people infected with hepatitis ever have clinical signs and symptoms of the disease.

HIV virus Few people carrying HIV secrete the virus in their saliva HIV loses its infectivity once desiccated Blood of HIV – positive patients has low concentrations of infectious particles

Mycobacteria TB is becoming common TB is transmitted primarily through exhaled aerosols, during breathing ,coughing ,sneezing and speaking. Mycobacterial organisms are highly resistant to desiccation and to most chemical disinfectants. The organisms are sensitive to heat, ethylene oxide and to irradiation

Aseptic techniques Asepsis : Avoidance of sepsis Medical asepsis: An attempt to keep patients, health care staff and objects free as possible of agents that cause infection. Surgical asepsis: An attempt to prevent microbes from gaining access to surgically created wounds. Antiseptics Disinfictants Sterilty Decontamination

Methods of Sterilization Physical agents: *Heat *Mechanical dislodgment *Radiation Chemical agents: Antiseptics Disinfictants Ethylene oxide gas

Heat Sterilization Dry heat Bacillus Stearothermophilus is extremely resistant to heat, there fore its used to test the reliability of heat steralization * Warm up time of the oven *Heat conductivity of the material Air flow through the oven Moist heat: more efficient than dry heat

Gaseous Sterilization Ethylene oxide is the most commonly used gas , for its lethal action on bacteria. Its highly flammable gas ,mixed with co2 or nitrogen to make it safer for use. Used for sterilization of porous materials, large equipments, and materials sensitive for heat . A need for aeration for 8-12 hours at 50 after sterilization

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