No Warm-Up: 9/8/17 Happy Friday! Before we get started…

Announcements Open House is Next Monday 9/11/17 from 5:30 to 7:00 pm. **Updated Calendars are now posted online . We are finishing discussion/lecture notes over Ch. 3 today. Ch. 2 and 3 Reading Quiz is on Friday 9/8/17 (today). Ch. 1-3 Test will be on 9/12/17. The testing format will include multiple choice questions and short answer format questions.

3.2 Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750 Origins of American Slavery The spread of tobacco led settlers to turn to slavery, which offered many advantages over indentured servants. Englishmen and Africans In the seventeenth century, the concepts of race and racism had not fully developed. Africans were seen as alien in their color, religion, and social practices. Slavery in History Although slavery has a long history, slavery in North America was markedly different. Slavery in the Americas was based on the plantation and the death rate was high in the seventeenth century. Slavery in the West Indies By 1600, huge sugar plantations worked by slaves from Africa were well-established in Brazil and in the West Indies. By 1600, disease had killed off the Indians, and white indentured servants were no longer willing to do the backbreaking work required on sugar plantations. Sugar was the first crop to be mass-marketed to consumers in Europe. Slavery and the Law The line between slavery and freedom was more permeable in the seventeenth century than it would become later. Some free blacks were allowed to sue and testify in court.

The Rise of Chesapeake Slavery It was not until the 1660s that the laws of Virginia and Maryland explicitly referred to slavery. A Virginia law of 1662 provided that in the case of a child born to one free parent and one slave parent, the status of the offspring followed that of the mother. In 1667 the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that conversion to Christianity did not release a slave from bondage. Bacon's Rebellion: Land and Labor in Virginia Virginia's shift from white indentured servants to African slaves as the main plantation labor force was accelerated by Bacon's Rebellion. Virginia's government ran a corrupt regime under Governor Berkeley. Good, free land was scarce for freed indentured servants. Nathaniel Bacon, an elite planter, called for the removal of all Indians, lower taxes, and an end to rule by "grandees." His campaign gained support from small farmers, indentured servants, landless men, and even some Africans. Bacon spoke of traditional English liberties. The rebellion's aftermath left Virginia's planter elite to consolidate their power and improve their image. A Slave Society By the end of the seventeenth century, a number of factors made slave labor very attractive to English settlers; and slavery began to supplant indentured servitude between 1680 and 1700. By the early eighteenth century, Virginia had transformed from a society with slaves to a slave society. In 1705, the House of Burgesses enacted strict slave codes. From the start of American slavery, blacks ran away and desired freedom. Settlers were well aware that the desire for freedom could ignite the slaves to rebel.

The Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution in 1688 established parliamentary supremacy and secured the Protestant succession to the throne. Rather than risk a Catholic succession through James II, a group of English aristocrats invited the Dutch Protestant William of Orange to assume the throne. The overthrow of James II entrenched the notion that liberty was the birthright of all Englishmen. Parliament issued a Bill of Rights (1689) guaranteeing individual rights such as trial by jury. Parliament adopted the Toleration Act (1690), which allowed Protestant Dissenters (but not Catholics) to worship freely, although only Anglicans could hold public office. The Glorious Revolution in America In 1675, England established the Lords of Trade to oversee colonial affairs, but the colonies were not interested in obeying London. To create wealth, between 1686 and 1685 James II created a "super-colony," the Dominion of New England. The new colony threatened liberties. News in America of the Glorious Revolution in England resulted in a reestablishment of former colonial governments. Lord Baltimore's charter for Maryland was revoked for mismanagement. Jacob Leisler, a Calvinist, took control of New York. Leisler was executed, and New York politics remained polarized for years. In New England, Plymouth was absorbed into Massachusetts, and the political structure of the Bible Commonwealth was transformed. Land ownership, not church membership, was required to vote. A governor was appointed in London rather than elected. The colony had to abide by the Toleration Act.

The Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) Witchcraft was widely believed in and punishable by execution. Most accused were women. In late 1691, several girls suffered fits and nightmares, which were attributed to witchcraft. Abigail Williams Betty Parris Ann Putnam Elizabeth Hubbard Three women were named/accused of afflicting the girls: Tituba (Caribbean slave) Sarah Goode Sarah Osborne Accusations snowballed; ultimately fourteen women and six men were executed before the governor halted all prosecutions . Approx. 150 people had legal action taken against them by the courts. Ultimately, the effect of the chaos led to prominent/educated colonists searching for scientific explanations for natural events and illness.

Ch. 2/Ch. 3 Reading Quiz (Daily Grade) You may use pen or pencil on this assignment. You will have 25 minutes to complete the quiz. You may listen to music while you take your quiz, HOWEVER you need to have your phone face down on your desk and have one earbud in/one out. For my chatty folks out there, there is to be NO TALKING while quizzes are out. Students are NOT permitted to use the textbook or notes on this quiz. Turn your quiz into the tray when you are done please .