Adult learning Dr. A. M. Kadri Associate Professor, A Presentation Originally Created by Nancy B. Clark, M.Ed., Florida State University College of Medicine Dr. A. M. Kadri Associate Professor, Community Medicine Department, PDU Govt. Medical College, Rajkot.

Adult Learning what is it?

Adult learning

Childhood Learning Rote memory Repetition Testing as feedback Gathering building blocks Vertical and additive?

Adult Learning Conceptual Contextual Continuous Horizontal and integrated?

Andragogy Vs Pedagogy The art & science of teaching Adults Vs Child Process-based rather Vs Content-based

Androgogy vs. Pedagogy Pedagogy Androgogy Formal Learners are dependent and directed by teacher Evaluation is external (teachers, tests) Learners extrinsically motivated (grades) Androgogy Informal and cooperative Learners are independent and self-directed Evaluation through self-assessment Learners intrinsically motivated In the next two slides, I hope to further distinguish these two terms for you, by contrasting pedagogy, the learning of childhood, with andogogy, which Knowles argues characterizes adult learning. Contrast lists….go back and forth Go to next page….

Androgogy vs. Pedagogy Pedagogy Androgogy Learners inexperienced Value learning that is put upon them Learning centers on a particular subject Androgogy Learners have own rich experience, used as a resource Value learning that is relevant to every day life Learning centers on a particular problem Contrast lists….go back and forth These lists draw attention to an important theme which is that adult learners are truly autonomous and driven by their own aims

Understanding the Adult learners… Have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge Are relevancy-oriented Are practical Problem centered Are goal-oriented

Understanding the Adult learners… Are more independent Self-directed Need to be respected Need feedback

Principles of Andragogy Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction. Experience (including mistakes) provides the basis for learning activities. Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life. Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented. Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in Action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Adult Learning Principles Capitalize on the experience of participants. Adapt to the aging limitations of the participants. Adults should be challenged to move to increasingly advanced stages of personal development. Adults should have as much choice as possible in the availability and organization of learning programs. Cross, K.P. (1981). Adults as Learners. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Adult Learning Principles Arnold et al (1991) state that among adult learners, people retain: 20% of what they hear 30% of what they see 50% of what they see and hear 70% of what they see, hear and say 90% of what they see, hear, say and do

Making learning active by applying principles of adult learning

And…. While you are brought here because you are teachers, don’t forget that you are also adult learners. Whatever you wrote on that notecard is your self-motivating force, your relevant problem or challenge, and the thing that you will evaluate yourself by. So make sure to keep whatever is on your notecard in mind as you direct your course so that you can continue to learn, even as you teach. I wish you much luck and I am happy to take your questions!

“A teacher can never truly teach, unless he is still learning himself”

What is your Motivations for Learning?

Adult learning Winston Churchill “Personally, I'm always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught ” Winston Churchill

Anetol CME Slides