Properties of Water Academic Science

What is the formula for water? What are some properties that make water unique?

Simply Science: Water's Physical Properties. United Learning. 1998 Simply Science: Water's Physical Properties. United Learning. 1998. unitedstreaming. 2 March 2006 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>

What is WATER? Only substance that naturally occurs on Earth in all 3 states -Solid- Ice -Liquid- Water -Gas- Steam or Vapor 1 Oxygen and 2 Hydrogen atoms Partial Polar COVALENT bond

H H O Water is POLAR! Photo courtesy of: http://www.shorstmeyer.com/wxfaqs/float/watermolec.html

Why does water form droplets? Photo courtesy of: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html

What does it look like just before the water spills off the penny? Use the medicine dropper to put as many drops of water as you can on the surface of your penny. How many drops fit? What does it look like just before the water spills off the penny? Why can the penny hold so many drops of water?

Surface Tension HYDROGEN bonds attract water molecules to each other They “stick” together This causes them to pile up on each other Photo courtesy of: http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/waterstrider.html

Photo courtesy of: http://www.shorstmeyer.com/wxfaqs/float/watermolec.html

Begin scouring the USGS website so you can learn more about water

What is surface tension? What is at least 1 way you can see that water has a strong surface tension?

Capillary Action Dip the paper towel into the beaker of water. What happens to the water and the towel? Look at the graduated cylinder. What do you notice about the level of water next to the glass vs. the level of the water in the middle? Explain why.

Capillary Action Water molecules “stick” together. So…water molecules will “stick” together and can “climb” or travel through different substances.

Put the ice in the beaker of water. What happens to the ice? Density Put the ice in the beaker of water. What happens to the ice? Why? Observe the pot of boiling water? What is in the “smoke”? Why does it rise?

Solid Water... Less dense than liquid Molecules expand when freezing **Only in water! Photo courtesy of: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html

Liquid Water... Most dense form Molecules are close together but move **Only in water! Photo courtesy of: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html

Gaseous Water... Least dense Random movement Spread far apart Photo courtesy of: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html

Density Water is unique: Usually… Solid: particles are close together Liquid: particles are near each other Gas: particles are very spread apart Water is unique: Solid water is LESS dense than liquid water!!! The density of water is greatest at 4oC Density decreases as water gets colder!!!

Solubility Ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid Water is polar It can hold molecules in solution Water is the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Solubility can sometimes be changed based on temperature

Continue with the web activity so you can review more about water

Specific Heat Specific heat- amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1oC Water can store an enormous amount of energy Water has a very high specific heat It must absorb much energy to increase in temp It must lose much energy to decrease in temp

Specific Heat Why is the temperature of water often different from the temperature of nearby land?

* Using prior knowledge, describe what is happening in the What I Think Happened! * Using prior knowledge, describe what is happening in the demonstration. Be as specific as possible.

Video courtesy of: Our Wondrous Oceans: Planet Water. United Learning Video courtesy of: Our Wondrous Oceans: Planet Water. United Learning. 1995. unitedstreaming. 2 March 2006 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>

On the back of your packet… Hydrologic Cycle Water: occupies over 70% of Earth is a vital, nonrenewable resource moves from place to place in a large, complex system called the Hydrologic Cycle 70% of freshwater is locked in the Antarctic Ice Cap; Water has a very long residence time in ice caps On the back of your packet… Make a pie graph of the Earth’s water. Where is all the water?

Water: Juvenile water is water that is new to the hydrologic cycle; introduced by volcanic eruption Magma contains a great deal of water vapor

Water: Distribution of freshwater on Earth is very uneven The global water budget shows how much water is put into and taken out of the water cycle Input and output should be equal

Condensation Precipitation Runoff Transpiration Infiltration Evaporation

Evaporation * Rising water vapor from the ocean contains no salt * Influenced by increase in water temperature * Influenced by moisture in the atmosphere

Runoff * Remaining water that flows along the Earth’s surface and drains into lakes and rivers or other depressions

Precipitation * Droplets driven through the atmosphere by wind * Gather into clouds * Fall from the sky as precipitation * About 75% of water falls back into the ocean

Condensation * Water vapor begins to cool in the air and changes back to a liquid * Condenses into tiny droplets

Transpiration * Plants absorb about 6% of the groundwater and then release it through the surface of their leaves

Infiltration * Groundwater that seeps into the Earth * Eventually flows into creeks and streams that flow into larger bodies of water

Conclusion (What Really Happened?) * Based on the newly acquired information, rephrase your original explanation concerning what happened in the class demonstration. Describe how the class demonstration relates to the salinity lab. How is this process relevant to daily life?