Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Technological Systems **For each slide, read through it and take notes in your engineering notebooks! You should have the heading of each slide and a description in your own words**

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems What Is a System? A group of interrelated components designed collectively to achieve a desired goal. A technological system produces results through the use of technology. Or it may be small, like a cell phone. A system may be huge, like a space shuttle.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems The Basic System Model Information Machines Tools and Materials People Capital Energy Time Resources Process Action part of a system. Combines resources that respond to the input to produce a result. Input The desired result Output The actual result All systems include an Input, Process, and Output During the Process the seven technological Resources are used.

What are the 7 Technological Resources? Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems What are the 7 Technological Resources? Something that supplies help or aid Could be a source of information or expertise Could be a source of wealth or revenue Could be supplies or support Technology comes from the knowledge and skill that is needed to use raw materials, tools, and energy to create the products and services that we want. The same resources used in ancient days are still being used today to develop new technology.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems People People create technology use the products that technology has built service technology Although many of the other resources were available, technology didn’t advance until people came along. Between the designer and the end user are many jobs that must be done by people. They build the tools and machines, set up the factories, run the machines, and finally package and ship the end products. People sell, install, and repair the products of technologies.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Information Knowledge Communication Understanding The knowledge of what do with your product or service. How to communicate your product or service to others for their use. The “How to” of your product or service. How to make or provide it. How much to charge for it.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Materials Raw materials Found in a natural state Rocks, oil, plants, animals, trees Technology developed because people learned how to use and process various materials into useful objects. People have also learned to create new materials by combining or refining natural resources in ways not done by nature. Raw materials are found in a natural state (rocks metal ores, crude oil, plants, animals, trees, etc.)

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Materials Raw materials Processed materials Natural resources that have been changed by technology into a more useful form Lumber from trees, leather from animals Processed materials are natural resources that have been changed by technology into a more useful form (lumber from trees, leather from animals, etc.)

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Materials Raw materials Processed materials Manufactured materials Created when natural resources are altered by processes that do more than change the size or shape of the material. They are so changed in form that you can’t recognize where they were from Gasoline, paper, glass, metals Manufactured materials are created when natural resources are altered by processes that do more than merely change the size or shape of the material (gasoline, kerosene, concrete, metals). They are so changed in form that you can’t recognized where they were made from.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Materials Raw materials Processed materials Manufactured materials Synthetic materials Materials created artificially Not natural materials Made by scientifically combining chemicals and elements into rare natural materials, or materials not found in nature Industrial diamonds, man-made rubber, plastics Synthetic materials are created artificially – they are not natural materials. They are made by scientifically combining chemicals and elements into rare natural materials or other materials not found in nature. (Industrial diamonds, man-made rubber, plastics.)

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Tools and Machines Tools increase our ability to do work. A tool becomes a mechanical machine when a power system is added to make the tool work better. Tools and machines increase our ability to do work, and perform our jobs better.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Energy Sources of machine power Man power After a hard workout in a gym, did you ever feel like you ran out of energy? Your muscles use a great deal of energy to perform the tasks that you do daily. Even when you are at rest, you use energy to breathe, think, and pump blood throughout your body. Energy is the source of power that runs all of our technological systems. There are many sources of energy, natural or synthetic, and in limited or unlimited supply.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Capital Capital is Barter Money Credit Property Our earliest ancestors didn’t need capital. At the dawn of technology, inventors created their Stone Age tools without the help of others. Using capital, people can now buy all the ingredients needed to create new technology. Today, a team approach is used to develop most new ideas. Under the direction of large corporations, experts are hired. The company buys materials, tools, knowledge, skill and creative people. These companies construct the need laboratories, mix all the ingredients together, and then wait for team effort to deliver useful products.

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Time Everything takes time People are paid for the time they work Too much or too little time can ruin your results. Can you name something that takes place instantly without the passing of time? Products where people, rather than machines supply most of the labor are usually more expensive than products made by machines. All recipes call for measured amounts of different ingredients. Once the ingredients are put together, you must stir, mix, heat or freeze the contents for a specific amount of time. Too much or too little of any ingredient, including time, could ruin your results. Whether you are making a cake, building a car, or designing a new product, your results will take shape over time.

Technological Systems Open-Loop System Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Information Machines Tools and Materials People Capital Energy Time Resources Process A microwave combines the resources to heat your food for a certain amount of time. Input A hot meal Output Food is warm All 7 resources are used in every technological system. There are two types of systems, the first one we are going to study is the Open-Loop System. A system that has no way of monitoring or adjusting itself is an open-loop system. Since you can’t control the temperature, only the time the microwave is heating your food, it may come out too hot or not hot enough.

Can You Think of Other Open-Loop Systems? Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Can You Think of Other Open-Loop Systems? Woodstove Does the temperature remain constant? Washer/Dryer Do the clothes always come out clean and dry? Let students brainstorm some ideas of their own for an open-loop system before continuing. Open-loop systems can be controlled to some degree. For example timers can be used to turn off an oven at a certain time, or the light in your house can be set on timers. Although these systems are controlled by timers, they do not change if conditions change. The oven will turn off even if the food is not fully cooked. The lights will come on even if no one is home. Some dryers have moisture sensors – would that be an open or closed loop system? Train Does the speed remain constant while travelling uphill, downhill, or on a flat?

What Is Different in These Systems? Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems What Is Different in These Systems? Furnace Temperature is controlled by setting thermostat to desired level. These systems have a monitoring device that provides feedback to the system to determine whether a change is necessary. Therefore, they are called Closed-Loop Systems. Bicycle Rider watches road and adjusts pedaling or braking. Car Speed Driver looks at speedometer regularly and adjusts speed as needed or sets cruise control.

Technological Systems Closed Loop System Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Information Machines Tools and Materials People Capital Energy Time Resources Output Car speed is 50 mph Input Go 30 mph Comparator Driver compares actual speed to desired speed. Controller Driver presses brake or accelerator. Process A car combines the resources to move the car and transport the riders. One purpose of feedback is to improve the operation of a system. Therefore, some type of feedback can be added to most systems. People or sensors can provide data or information to adjust the system. Feedback comes in many forms. For example, your teacher uses homework and tests to monitor how well you are learning. The grades you receive on your work are your feedback, indicating how you are doing so that, if needed, you can change your study methods and work to improve your test-taking skills. Teacher can discuss the difference between manual feedback – driver seeing the speed on the speedometer, and automatic feedback – setting the cruise control. Combination of speedometer, driver’s eye, and driver’s brain form the feedback loop. Monitor Driver sees car is going too fast. Feedback Loop

Open or Closed Loop System? Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Open or Closed Loop System? Teacher should lead discussion that may include … Does the traffic light change because of time or because it has a sensor that knows when a car is present?

Technological Systems Gateway To Technology® Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Automated Systems Questions What is a system? What is the difference between an open and closed-loop system? List 3 examples of open-loop systems. List 3 examples of closed-loop systems.