Introduction to ART

Introduction to ART Aim: To introduce the ART tool approach Objective: Provide an understanding of the 4 sections of the tool 30 mins

Introduction to ART

Assessment Process Task description Flow chart Score sheet Assessment guide

Task Description Form Ironing sheets Mr X Company Y <1 kg  None 18 Sept ‘09 Company Y Ironing sheets The worker has to pick sheets from a bin, locate the corners and feed them on to attachments for the machine to iron automatically. <1 kg  None n/a ~14 © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Task Description Form 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 6.5 Daily Daily Placing folded sheets on conveyor © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Flowchart – Four Stages

A – Frequency / Repetition

B – Force Grid

B – Force

C – Awkward Posture

2. For how long is this angle obvious? C – Awkward Posture Two stage approach: 1. Is the head and neck in an awkward position? No 2. For how long is this angle obvious? Yes “The neck is considered to be bent or twisted if an obvious angle between the neck and back can be observed as a result of performing the task”. A part of the time More than half the time

D – Additional Factors

D – Additional Factors

D – Additional Factors

D – Additional Factors

Score Sheet 6 4 1 2 4 17 Monotonous work 1 2 4 Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction. Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 17 Monotonous work © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

D4 – Duration 0.75 17 13

Score Sheet 6 4 1 2 17 0.75 13 Monotonous work 2 6 4 1 0.75 13 Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction. Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Exposure Levels 17 Monotonous work 2 6 4 1 0.75 13

Top Tips It is possible to select intermediate scores Frequent to very frequent? A/4 or R/5 acceptable Bent forward for a small part of the time (e.g. 10%) A/0.5 acceptable

Moderate to strong force? Top Tips Moderate to strong force? R / 6

Assessment Process Task description Flow chart Score sheet Assessment guide

Practical Demonstration

Gingerbread Packing Task details The worker slides packages of gingerbread into cardboard sleeves. The worker reports the force is light. There is a shift duration of 8 hours. The worker rotates between this task and a different non-repetitive task every after 60 minutes. In total, they pack gingerbread for just less than half of their total shift time. Sometimes the worker has difficulties keeping up with the pace of the work. © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Gingerbread Packing Task description form © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Gingerbread Packing Task description form Gingerbread packing The worker opens a cardboard sleeve with her left hand, slides the package into the sleeve, and then places the package across the table with her right hand Less than 1 kg  None 2 © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Gingerbread Packing Task description form 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 3.75 Daily Daily Formal task rotation to alternative tasks (non-repetitive work) © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Gingerbread Packing Flowchart

Gingerbread Packing Stage A – Frequency / repetition

Gingerbread Packing Stage B - Force

Gingerbread Packing Stage C – Awkward postures

Gingerbread Packing Stage C – Awkward postures

Gingerbread Packing Stage D – Additional factors

Gingerbread Packing Score sheet 6 6 6 6 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 25 20 Monotonous work, high levels of attention © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Gingerbread Packing Stage D4 – Duration 0.75 25 19

Gingerbread Packing Score sheet 6 6 6 6 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 25 20 0.75 0.75 19 15 Monotonous work, high levels of attention © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Your turn

Risk Assessment Practice ART Tool Risk Assessment Practice © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Risk Assessment Aim: To use the ART tool successfully Objective: Delegates to practice using the ART tool to risk assess two or three repetitive tasks and demonstrate their understanding when sharing and discussing scores and risk reduction options 60 mins

Case Studies Repetitive tasks Case Studies Grape Packing Radiator Lacing © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Task details The worker has to pick up containers of grapes and empty them into plastic bags on a conveyor. The worker describes the hand force as ‘light’. The containers weigh 130g. 9 hour shift (08:00 – 17:00) There is one 30 minute meal break (11:45–12:15), one 15 minute morning break (9:15 – 9:30) and one 15 minute afternoon break (14:15–14:30). The worker sometimes finds it difficult to keep up with the pace of work. The worker does the task for all 8 hours and there is no formal task rotation system © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Task description form © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Sorting grapes into bags Task description form 130 g  The worker has to pick up containers of grapes and place them into plastic bags 130 g  None N/A 3 © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Task description form 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2.5 8 Daily Daily No task rotation © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Flowchart

Grape Packing Stage A – Frequency / repetition

Grape Packing Stage B - Force

Grape Packing Stage C – Awkward postures

Grape Packing Stage C – Awkward postures

Grape Packing Stage D – Additional factors

Grape Packing Score sheet 6 6 2 1 4 1 2 4 1 27 2 1 4 1 2 4 Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 1 27 Monotonous work, task pace influenced by workers up the line © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Grape Packing Stage D4 – Duration 1 27 27

Grape Packing Score sheet 6 6 2 1 4 1 2 4 1 27 1 27 2 1 4 1 2 4 Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 1 27 1 27 Monotonous work, task pace influenced by workers up the line © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Task details To manufacture radiators, the worker slides tubes on to a ‘wand’ and inserts them through rows of holed fins (sheets) of heat transfer material. The worker describes the hand force as ‘strong’ during the final push of the wand. The average force required to insert a tube was measured between 6 – 11 kg, depending on a number of factors (e.g; the position where the tube is inserted, the diameter of the tubes, the angle of the wand when inserted). 8.5 hour shift (07:30 – 16:00). Each radiator takes about 75 minutes to complete, after which there is a 15 minute break while a new lace is positioned. Other official breaks are a 30 minute meal break (11:45 – 12:15) and a 15 minute morning break (10:15 – 10:30). Each worker produces about 6 radiators a day. The number of tubes inserted into a radiator varies according to the size of the radiator. Workers select work pace and report it is not difficult to keep up with the work. The task is carried out by the workers everyday. There is no formal system of job rotation. © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Task description form © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Task description form Lacing radiators fins with tubes The worker has to place the tube on the wand and then insert this between the fins of the radiator by hand 300 g  A wand – long metal strip with a handle 6 ~ 4 © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Task description form 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 ¼ ~7 Daily Daily No task rotation © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Flowchart

Radiator Manufacturing Stage A – Frequency / repetition 5

Radiator Manufacturing Stage B - Force 9

Radiator Manufacturing Stage C – Awkward postures

Radiator Manufacturing Stage C – Awkward postures 3

Radiator Manufacturing Stage D – Additional factors

Radiator Manufacturing Score sheet 5 6 9 3 1 2 Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction. Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 2 28 Monotonous work, high levels of attention © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory

Radiator Manufacturing Stage D4 – Duration 1 28 28

Radiator Manufacturing Score sheet: solutions? 5 6 9 3 1 2 Domains of specialization exist within the discipline, which represent deeper competencies in specific human attributes or characteristics of human interaction. Ergonomists often specialise in particular economic sectors or applications. Application domains are not mutually exclusive and they evolve constantly; new ones are created and old ones take on new perspectives 2 28 1 28 Monotonous work, high levels of attention © Crown Copyright Health & Safety Laboratory