Chemical Formulas: The grammar of Chemistry Elements form two major types of bonds: Ionic Covalent The type of bonding determines the way compounds are named. In addition, there are some special names for compounds which are organic or acids. In this chapter, we will learn how to identify the correct system to name compounds, and learn how the names of compounds help us learn about the properties of substances and their composition.

Names are very revealing: you can make some assumptions about people just by knowing their name! Lets take the name: Jose Garcia – describe some of the traits of this person. Rover Jose is a name for a male person. The last name indicates that Jose is a person, not an animal. He probably is Latino. … Rover is a name for a male animal. Probably, Rover likes to wander. He probably is a dog, because Rover is a common name for a dog. …

Names of Elements Many elements are in honor of scientists. Lithium Sodium Potassium Cesium Carbon, Nitrogen Chlorine Many elements are in honor of scientists. Many elements honor the historical usage or discovery of the element. Some elements are named systematically (typically man-made elements. Many elements have the endings, -ium, -ine, –ogen or -on As a general rule, -ium endings are on metals, -ine, -ogen, and -on endings are on nonmetals,

Symbols of Elements Most symbols start with the same letter as the name of the element. Some symbols reflect the history of the element. There are 26 letters in the alphabet and over 111 elements. When two or more letters are used, the first is capitalized and the following letters are NEVER capitalized. Lithium = Li Carbon = C Cesium = Cs Sodium = Na Potassium = K Iron = Fe natrium = Latin ferrum = Latin

Find the symbols for the following elements. Aluminum Barium Bromine Chlorine Fluorine Hydrogen Iodine Lead Lithium Mercury Al Ba Br Cl F H I Pb Li Hg

Find the Names for the following elements. end day 1 Ne O Ni P K Na Cl S Sn Hg neon oxygen nickel phosphorous potassium sodium chlorine sulfur tin mercury 4th period ended here.

How do ions form? Ions form when elements gain or lose electrons. How many electrons are gained or lost depends on the electron configuration. O 10 e- O 8e- +2 electrons Oxide has a 2- charge. Oxide is an anion Oxygen has no charge.

How do atoms stick together? Cation = positively charged ion Anion = negatively Ionic Bonds: A +Cation+ attracts an –anion- Covalent bonds: Two or more elements share electrons tightly between them. - + These are uncharged!

Oxidation number: the charge on an ion. 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 1- 2- Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 7 or 17 Group 6 or 16 H+ Be2+ Sc3+ Ti4+ F1- O2- Li+ Mg2+ Y3+ Cl1- S2- Na+ Ca2+ Al3+ Br1- K+ Sr2+ Cr3+ Pb4+ I1- Rb+ Ba2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Fe2+ Cu+ Cu2+ Cation Anion Remember, (+) means electrons were lost, (-)means electrons were gained.

What is a polyatomic ion? What is an ion? An ion is an atom which has gained or lost electrons, and therefore – carries a charge. A polyatomic ion consists of more than one element covalently bonded together, which collectively carries a charge. What is a polyatomic ion?

REVIEW What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond? Cation = positively charged ion Anion = negatively What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond? an anion and a cation are held together by electrostatic interactions - + Two or more elements share electrons tightly between them.

Anatomy of a chemical formula one oxide ion 2 sodium ions Na2O

Anatomy of a chemical formula one oxide ion 2 sets of ammonium ions Total: 2 N 8 H 1 O (NH4)2 O One N in each ammonium ion. Four H in each ammonium ion.

Names and Charges of a few Polyatomic Ions C2H3O21- Acetate ClO31- Chlorate ClO21- Chlorite OH1- Hydroxide CO32- Carbonate NH4+ Ammonium

When positively charged ions bond with negatively charged ions, you get an ionic compound. Notice that the net charge of the compound is zero! Sodium and Chloride makes Sodium Chloride Cl- Na+ Net Charge= Sum of positive and negative charges Ammonium and Chloride makes Ammonium Chloride NH4+ Cl-

Since Al3+ has 3 positives, you need three negatives to balance the charges. Each Cl1- has one negative, so you need three Cl1- ions. Cl- When positively charged ions bond with negatively charged ions, you get an ionic compound. Al3+ Cl- Notice that the net charge of the compound is zero! Aluminum and Chloride makes Aluminum Chloride Cl-

When two ions bond, you get an ionic compound. Aluminum and Carbonate makes aluminum carbonate Al3+ CO32- Al3+ Al2(CO3)3 has six (+) charges and six (-) charges Notice that the net charge of the compound must be zero! When two ions bond, you get an ionic compound.

When two ions bond, you get an ionic compound. Notice that the net charge of the compound is zero! NH4+ NH4+ Ammonium and Carbonate makes Ammonium Carbonate CO32-

When two ions bond, you get an ionic compound. NH4+ Ammonium and Chlorate makes Ammonium Chlorate ClO31- Notice that the net charge of the compound is zero!

Your turn: Use the following ions to make as many compounds as you can Your turn: Use the following ions to make as many compounds as you can. You may use page 169 of your text book. bromide sulfide hydroxide nitride phosphate Br1- S2- (OH)1- N3- PO43- potassium magnesium aluminum ammonium K+ Mg2+ Al3+ NH41+ Br1- KBr MgBr2 AlBr3 NH 4Br S2- K 2S MgS Al2S3 (NH4)2S (OH)1- KOH Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 NH4OH N3- K3N Mg3N2 AlN (NH4)3N