D 2 E 3 S E M N G ม. I G I T Infinitives A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms GRAMMAR SUMMARY INFINITIVES: (to) see, (to) go, (to) break etc -ING FORMs (ALSO CALLED ‘GERUNDS’): seeing, going, breaking etc I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms Infinitives often have to before them; but not always. I want to go home, but1can't go now. Negative infinitives are made with not (to). I told her not to pay. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms Besides ordinary infinitives, there are also progressive, perfect and passive infinitives. I’d like to be lying on the beach now. You ought to have told me. He can be found in the cafe most afternoons. We can use infinitives to say why we do things. I got up early to say goodbye to Miriam. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms We often use -ing forms as subjects. Smoking is dangerous. (More natural than To smoke is dangerous) If we use infinitives as subjects, we prefer a structure with it. It's dangerous to smoke. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms After some verbs we use infinitives; after others we use -ing forms. I expect to meet Tom tomorrow. (NOT I expect meeting ... ) I’ll finish painting in a minute. (NOT I’ll finish to paint ... ) We can use infinitives after some adjectives and nouns. We’re ready to stop. I'm glad to be here. I've got work to do. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Infinitives and -ing forms After prepositions we use -ing forms, not infinitives. You can't live without eating. (NOT… with out to eat.) I usually watch TV before going to bed. (NOT … before to go to bed.) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive with and without to We normally put to before an infinitive. Negative infinitives have not to. I want to have a rest. (NOT I want have a rest.) I decided not to go to Scotland. (NOT... to not go …) We use an infinitive without to after the auxiliary do. I didn't know her address. (NOT I didn’t to know...) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive with and without to And we use an infinitive without to after the modal verbs can, could, may might, must, shall, should, will and would, and after had better and needn't. (BUT NOTE ought to) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive with and without to Could you help me? (NOT Could you to help me?) You should try to forget about it. ‘Can you stay for supper?’ ‘ No, thanks, I’d better go home' You needn't worry. We ought to sleep. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive with and without to Note also the structure with Why (not) … ? Why worry? Why not give him socks for Christmas? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. Ex. I couldn’t understand the timetable. (wasn’t able) ……I wasn’t understand the timetable.…………. . 1. It's important to eat enough. (You should) ………………………………………………………….. . 2. I’ve decided not to have lunch. (I won't) ………………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. 3. I'd like to go sailing this summer. (I might) ………………………………………………………… . 4. She will probably get married in June. (She expects) ……………………………………………….. 5. I said I wouldn't tell her father. (I agreed) ………………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. 6. It's necessary to make careful plans. (We must) …………………………………………………….. . 7. Perhaps he's ill. (He seems) ………………………………………………………………………….. . 8. I want to change my job. (I wish I could) …………………………………………………….…….. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. 9. I may come and see you next week. (I hope) ……………………………………………………….. . 10. You don't need to apologise. (You needn't) …………………………………………………….…….. . 11. I thought ‘I won't go back'. (I decided) …………………………………………………….………… . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. 12. I will certainly pay you on Saturday. (I promise) ……………………………………………………. . 13. I couldn't find the ticket office. (I didn't manage) ……………………………………………………. . 14. This isn't a good time to go. (I had better) ……………………………………………………………. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 1 : Change the sentence as shown. 15. She said she wouldn't see him again. (she refused) ………………………………………………….. . 16. I can play chess. (I've learnt) ………………………………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 2 : Correct or not? Correct the mistakes or write ‘Correct’.  Is it necessary fill in a form now? ….….to fill………  You ought to go home. …..correct…….. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 2 : Correct or not? Correct the mistakes or write ‘Correct’. 1. I’d like know where she buys her clothes. ……………….. 2. He seems be ill. ……………….. 3. I promise to send you photos of the baby. ……………….. 4. Try not to be late. ……………….. 5. They will probably be back home in August. ……………….. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 2 : Correct or not? Correct the mistakes or write ‘Correct’. 6. You mustn't to expect too much. ……………….. 7. It's important to learn to relax. ……………….. 8. I want get a new bike. ……………….. 9. You had better to think again. ……………….. 10. David may phone this afternoon. ……………….. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 2 : Correct or not? Correct the mistakes or write ‘Correct’. 11. ‘I’m bored.’ ‘Why not to go and see Rose?’ ……………….. 12. I couldn't find the map. ……………….. 13. I want study engineering. ……………….. 14. We've decided to not go to Wales. ……………….. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive of purpose We can use an infinitive to say why somebody does something. She sat down to rest. (NOT … for rest. OR … for resting.) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 3 : Write sentences to say why people go to the following places. Begin You go….(Different answers are possible.) Ex. a library …………..You go to a library to borrow books……………….. 1. a bookshop …………………………………………………………………………………… . 2. a bank ………………………………………………………………………………………… . 3. a cinema ……………………………………………………………………………………… . 4. a theatre ………………………………………………………………………………………. . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 3 : Write sentences to say why people go to the following places. Begin You go….(Different answers are possible.) 5. a swimming pool …………………………………………………………………………….. . 6. a gym ………………………………………………………………………………………… . 7. a driving school ……………………………………………………………………………… . 8. a station ……………………………………………………………………………………… . 9. an airport……………………………………………………………………………………... . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 3 : Write sentences to say why people go to the following places. Begin You go….(Different answers are possible.) 10. a travel agent ………………………………………………………………………………… . 11. a church ………………………………………………………………………………….….. . 12. a football stadium …………………………………………………………………….…… . 13. a post office ………………………………………………………………………………….. . 14. a restaurant …………………………………………………………………………………... . 15. a supermarket …………………………………………………………………… . I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 5 : GRAMMAR VOCABULARY: cooking. Make sure you know the words in the box. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then complete the sentences. VERBS: bake boil cut fry measure mix weigh NOUNs: bowl frying pan jug knife oven saucepan scale I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar VERBS: bake boil cut fry measure mix weigh NOUNs: bowl frying pan jug knife oven saucepan scale I T  You use a measuring jug ………to measure……….water, milk etc. 1. You use a knife ……………………….. things. 2. You use a saucepan……………………….. things. A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar VERBS: bake boil cut fry measure mix weigh NOUNs: bowl frying pan jug knife oven saucepan scale I T 3. You use a bowl ……………………….. things. 4. You use a frying pan ……………………….. things. A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar VERBS: bake boil cut fry measure mix weigh NOUNs: bowl frying pan jug knife oven saucepan scale I T 5. You use scales ………………………… things. 6. You use an oven ……………………….. things. A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive of purpose In order to... and so as to... are common before be, know and have; and before other verbs in a more formal style. Ex. I got up early in order to be ready to leave at eight. She studied English in order to have a better chance of getting a job. I came to British so as to know more about British culture. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: infinitive of purpose In order and so as are very common before not to. I spoke quietly so as not to frighten her. (MORE THAN NATURAL THAN I spoke quietly not to frighten her.) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Revise the basics: verb + infinitive or -ing form Some verbs are followed by the infinitives of other verbs. Example: want. I want to play in goal. (NOT I want playing in goal.) Some verbs are followed by the -ing forms of other verbs. Example: enjoy. I enjoy playing in goal. (NOT I enjoy to play in goal.) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 6 : DO IT YOURSELF Ten of these verbs are followed by infinitives and six are followed by -ing forms. Do you know which? Check in a good dictionary if necessary. decide expect finish give up keep (on) learn manage mind need offer practise promise seem spend (time) would like + INFINITIVE: …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 6 : DO IT YOURSELF Ten of these verbs are followed by infinitives and six are followed by -ing forms. Do you know which? Check in a good dictionary if necessary. decide expect finish give up keep (on) learn manage mind need offer practise promise seem spend (time) would like + -ING FORM: …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 7 : Put in the correct forms of verbs. 1. We expect …………… from Jim soon. (hear) 2. Would you mind …………… the bread? (pass) 3. Do enjoy …………… that rubbish on TV? (watch) 4. I’ll never learn …………… properly. (spell) 5. I promise …………… to you every week. (write) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 7 : Put in the correct forms of verbs. 6. Nobody offered …………… when I was in trouble. (help) 7. I failed my driving test, because I didn't practice …………… in traffic enough. (drive) 8. Why does Maya keep …………… to herself? (talk) 9. Your sister seems …………… very upset. (be) 10. I've given up …………… again. (smoke) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 7 : Put in the correct forms of verbs. 11. We've decided …………… at home next weekend. (stay) 12. He spends ages …………… on the phone. (talk) 13. When are you going to finish …………… ? (study) 14. After 20 minutes I managed …………… a taxi. (find) 15. I need …………… to you for a few minutes. (talk) 16. Would like …………… the manager, please. (see) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar After some verbs, we can use both infinitives and -ing forms, often with little or no difference of meaning. I like walking / to walk in the mountains. (BUT NOT I would like walking…) T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 8 : DO IT YOURSELF Which is correct - A, B or both? Check in a good dictionary.  A I'm going to stop to work at 65. B I'm going to stop working at 65. 1. A You had better go home new. B You had better going home now. 2. A I have to go now. B I have going now. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 8 : DO IT YOURSELF Which is correct - A, B or both? Check in a good dictionary. 3. A It began to rain on Monday afternoon. B It began raining on Monday afternoon. 4. A Would you like to see my holiday photos? B Would you like seeing my holiday photos? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 8 : DO IT YOURSELF Which is correct - A, B or both? Check in a good dictionary. 5. A We can't continue to lose money like this. B We can't continue losing money like this. 6. A I started to play the guitar when I was six. B I started playing the guitar when I was six. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 8 : DO IT YOURSELF Which is correct - A, B or both? Check in a good dictionary. 7. A Would you mind to help me? B Would you mind helping me? 8. A Do you like to cook? B Do you like cooking? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Infinitives ENG M.3 Sem. 2 Grammar Exercise 8 : DO IT YOURSELF Which is correct - A, B or both? Check in a good dictionary. 9. A Ann loves to ride horses. B Sarah loves riding horses. 10. A I hate to go to the dentist. B I hate going to the dentist. I T A L 4.0