«Crowdsourcing and the Effectiveness of C2G Interaction in Russia» Anna Aletdinova, Maxim Kravchenko, Maxim Bakaev Novosibirsk State Technical University EGOSE 2016

CROWDSOURCING is organization of social-working relations for implementing projects with the participation of community, within network interaction.

Examples of crowdsourcing projects: Wikipedia: About 19.5 million people took part in creating this e-encyclopedia, which is open for editing, extension, and enhancement. The “Active citizen” project: this platform serves for organizing network interaction between administrative bodies of Moscow and the society. Its main goal is analysis of people’s opinions about the activities of City Hall, the government, the executive branch, in general, as well as about the implementation of specific projects. “Planeta”, the largest Russian platform: serves for placing public projects to raise money for their implementation, through collective funding.

CLASSIFICATION FEATURE Table 1. Features for classification of crowdsourcing projects CLASSIFICATION FEATURE POSSIBLE VALUES The project duration Short-term (up to 3 years) Medium-term (3-5 years) Long-term (5 years or more) The project participants Public-private partnership Entrepreneurs The people Experts Groups identified per interests or work activities Mixed groups The project initiator The government The administration (management) Employees Society Artificial Intelligence (future) The project class Mono-project Multi-project (includes several mono-projects, requires appropriate management) Mega-project (includes several multi-projects, usually to develop whole industries or regions) The project organizational center’s location Company’s office Rented property Network portal The documentation storage Paper documentation Electronic documentation Cloud technologies Mixed The planned resource as the outcome Intellectual (ideas, knowledge, education) Capital Labor The project funding With own money With borrowed money By the government By the society (Inc. charity) Joint or mixed The project’s main direction Social Commercial Topical (science, art, sports, etc.) The employed platform Home-made software E-government platforms (e.g. Open Region at or71.ru/crowd or Moscow administration’s crowd.mos.ru). Specialized commercial website

The Process Approach to Crowdsourcing Management a) Approaches for Projects Implemented by Society Figure 1. The IDEF0 model for project implementation

Figure 2. The IDEF0 model for crowdsourcing

b) Approaches for Projects Implemented by the Government Figure 3. The IDEF0 model for crowdsourcing projects implemented by the government or municipal administrations

The Promotion of Crowdsourcing Social Projects 1 none used 2 organized private meetings with sponsors 3 applied for grants / special-purpose funding 4 received loans 5 organized advertising 6 involved volunteers 7 organized special events to raise funds 8 formed fund endowment 9 organized tips founders and trustees 10 placed the project on crowdsourcing portal 11 appealed to municipal administration Figure 4. The poll results (form of social projects promotion)

Table 2. The survey participants’ data Characteristic Value The number of participants 892 people The share of female participants 63% Age range of participants who promoted social projects 19~51 years Age range of participants who promoted social projects with crowdsourcing 19~37 years The share of participants who did start using crowdsourcing portals after the survey: as donors to promote their projects 1.35% 0.22%

Figure 5. The average dynamics resource raising dynamics for successful projects Figure 6. The average dynamics resource raising dynamics for failed projects

The Analysis of Popular Crowdsourcing Platforms in Russia Table 3. The comparison of the largest Russian and foreign crowdsourcing platforms that implement social projects Criterion Platform Planeta.ru Kickstarter.com The server location Russia USA The year est. 2012 2009 Commission charged (of the funds raised) 5%+5% by online payment systems 5%+3~5% by online payment systems A major project example Recording and publishing of the new Aquarium band album Pebble Smartwatch development Number of categories 24 15 The major services provided Recommended projects, shop, broadcasts, news, crowdfunding school Recommended projects The total amount of funds raised 7.5 million USD 2600 million USD The number of projects implemented 2071 110,713 The fundraising principle 50% or more of the goal sum 100% of more of the goal sum Longest allowed duration 100 days 60 days

The Crowdsourcing and E-government Infrastructure Development Table 4. The data for e-receptions in Moscow, 2015 Platform Statistics “Our City” 230 problem topics, 1.5 million messages published, 929 thousand solved problems “Crowdsourcing” More than 75,000 participants, 55,000 proposals “Active Citizen” More than 1.2 million participants, more than 1200 urgent referendums

Table 5. The comparison of the Russian crowdsourcing platforms Criterion The crowdsourcing portal type organized by the government / administration to implement projects by the society itself The principal attracted resource Intellectual (ideas) Financial Experts A small group of specialists in the field The society Rejection of implementation Lack of good ideas Reduction of budget funding Failure to attract resources Success rate (data on 12 May 2016) 100% 56.36% The principal projects type Social Art as the most popular topic

The situation with projects organized by government or administrative body is different, as the crowdsourcing project success seems to depend of the following factors: Proper specification of the problem/task; The filtering and selection of ideas; The (potentially low) quality of initially submitted ideas; Information “literacy” of the people, the popularity of crowdsourcing; The quality of experts; The coverage of all target audience by the project; The number of ideas, which should be greater than the number of considered directions; The number of ideas that were considered effective by the experts; The post-crowdsourcing implementation of the project.

Thank you for your attention. Crowdsourcing and the Effectiveness of C2G Interaction in Russia Anna Aletdinova, Maxim Kravchenko, Maxim Bakaev Russia, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Economic Informatics department aletdinova@corp.nstu.ru kafedra_ei@fb.nstu.ru +79139190225