Near Road Monitoring in Florida Ajaya Satyal Pinellas County

JAN 2010 EPA NO2 NAAQS Revisions New Standard Set At: 100 ppb Roadside Monitoring to measure NO2 levels Supports Air Quality Standards Health Studies Scientific Studies Addresses monitoring in the area not previously considered

Affected Populations Nationwide 22 million housing units within 300 feet of major roads 47 million people

Exposure and Consequences Pollutants: CO, NO2, nitric acid, hydrocarbon, benzene, & 1,3 butadine Consequences: Health-related Concerns: Cancer, Heart Disease, and Respiratory Illnesses such as Asthma. Ground-Level Ozone Formation Particle Pollution

126 NO2 Sites in 102 Urban Areas NO2 Monitoring Required in Florida by 2010 NAAQS CBSAs with Population over 500,000 Population Estimate (2014) Number of Monitors Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach 5,929,819 2 Tampa-St. Pete-Clearwater 2,915,582 Orlando- Kissimmee 2,321,418 1 Jacksonville 1,419,127 New Port-Bradenton-Sarasota 748,708 Cape Coral-Fort Myers 679,513 Lakeland-Winter Heaven 634,638 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach 609,939 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville 556,885 Site information had to be included in APA. Monitors to be as near as practicable to the outside nearest edge of the traffic lanes. No greater than 50 meters. AADT Fleet mix and congestion, fleet equivalent. Design and terrain, structures, meteorological conditions, Establishment of one near-road NO2 station in each Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) with a population of 500,000 or more persons, with additional sites required in larger CBSAs of 2,500,000 or more, or those CBSAs with road segments with 250,000 or greater annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts.

Over 2.5 Million Population Sites Location Pollutant Measured Miami NO2 Fort Lauderdale NO2/Black Carbon/Ultrafine Particle/Air Toxics Tampa NO2/CO/PM2.5/Black Carbon/Ultrafine Particle St. Petersburg/Clearwater NO2/CO/Black Carbon

Over 1 Million Population Sites Location Pollutant Measured Orlando/Kissimmee NO2/NO/NOX/CO; and PM2.5 in the future Jacksonville NO2/CO/PM2.5

The Tampa near-road site is unique in that I-275 is an elevated roadway throughout Hillsborough County. Although the initial site, Julian B. Lane Park (0571111) began operations in January 2014, we had to shut it down and move to a new location in December 2015. Consequently, the now near-road station is Munro Street (0570113) which began operations February 1, 2016. Fortunately, the two site locations are only 0.15 miles apart and measure emissions from the same I-275 road segment. All instrumentation from the initial site in Julian B. Lane Park was moved to the new site on Munro Street. Pollutants monitored: NO2/CO/ PM2.5/Black Carbon/Ultrafine Particle Counter. The ultrafine particles from 3 microns down to 7 nanometers diameter are counted by this instrument. The maximum 1-hour average NO2 was 84 ppb (9/21/2015). However, proper siting required a calculation of the appropriate distance from the elevated roadway to capture the emissions plume as it settles to ground level and remain out of the turbulent cavity caused by the elevated road. Please let me know if you would like any additional pictures or information. Tampa Site

Jacksonville Site N NOx, CO and PM2.5(continuous). does not monitor for ultra-fine PM. began operation in January 2014 but did not produce usable data until April 2014. Site 0310108’s highest recorded NO2 occurred March 15, 2016 at 12:00 PM, however, this number was immediately following a multi-point calibration and is suspect. The highest reliable reading occurred on November 12, 2014 at 7:00 PM and was 70 ppb. purchased as a turn-key site built to spec. Jacksonville Site

Fort Lauderdale Site Fort Lauderdale Site NO2 Black Carbon, ultra-fine particles, air toxics. Are you monitoring for ultra-fine less than 1 micron also? Yes first instrument came on-line April 20, 2015. Max 1 hour average was 95PPB on August 27, 2015 @9:00am A majority of our difficulties with the site occurred prior to construction.  We did have one issue while the site was being constructed.  The architectural company that designed the construction plans made an error on the grading and pitch of the area where the shelter was to be placed.  The pillars were not tall enough to allow for proper drainage from the highway.  We had to have the plans adjusted midway through construction to elevate the building properly, costing about $10k more than expected.   Fort Lauderdale Site

Only monitoring NO2/NO/NOx, CO, and will be monitoring PM2 Only monitoring NO2/NO/NOx, CO, and will be monitoring PM2.5 by the end of the year. Are you monitoring for ultra-fine less than 1 micron also? No When did your site begin operation? 07/01/2016 What is the maximum one hour average of NO2 recorded? 62 ppb, but this could have been during an anomalous event, possibly due to construction activity around the site (minute data graph available upon request). The second highest maximum recorded is 29 ppb. Orlando Site

Fully completed on June 17th Fully completed on June 17th. But the data collection had already begun in May. Total cost was $167,000. Needed a 800 feet underground power line. Met tower was installed by our staff. When planned in 2013, the road segment had close to 222,000 vehicle traffic. Had to request EPA to extend the project period by six month. Major delays occurred due to various tasks involved. Underground electric line, 750 ft. cost us $26,000. St. Petersburg Site

Planned Miami-Dade Site At this point the Miami-Dade Near Road Site is scheduled to monitor only NO2 At this point Miami-Dade has specific plans to monitor for other pollutants Miami-Dade’s site construction is on hold pending approval of a permit from the Miami-Dade Expressway Authority What is the maximum one hour average of NO2 recorded? N/A Please provide two photos: photo of the monitoring station and a site photo. for site location and overview of proposed site location Since the site is adjacent to a major airport, it required additional reviews by the Federal Aviation Administration and associated stakeholders.

Highest 1 Hour Average ppb

Selected CBSA 1 hr max and 98th % Source: Nealson Watkins, OAQPS 1-hr 98th percentile Mean Median N (hours) New York 154 76 21 19 4240 Seattle 106 71 25 24 3451 San Francisco-Oakland 48 18 16.5 4824 Raleigh 96 38 12 9.9 2010 St. Louis 89 54 14 11.5 4257 Providence 86 69 23 22.1 4799 Cincinnati 85 22 5335 Denver 81 68 28 27.2 3282 Hartford 77 57 16 13.2 4226 Buffalo 67 53 13 10.1 4297

Unique Site Problems Tampa: Calculation of roadway distance and elevation to avoid turbulent cavity caused by elevated road. Fort Lauderdale: Grading and pitch design error Miami: Proximity to MIA needed FAA approval Jacksonville: No issues. Building purchased as a turn-key built to specs. St. Pete/Clearwater Site: Major delay from the property owner in issuing utility easement Orlando: Issues with DOT, real road block

Instrument Issues EPA mandated new audit range for continuous monitors Range is very low for NO2 monitor

Instrument Issues Needs audit at Level 1 range (0.3 to 2.9 ppb) for Trace Level M Application 0-300 ppb, mobile source. Monitors can read at Level 1 as per spec. Dilution is a constraint, audit instruments an issue Out of audit-if more than 15% or more than 1.5 ppb Corrective action??

Conclusion Data will assure NAAQS compliance with NO2, CO, and PM2.5 std. Data reporting - real time Low level audit issue needs review Long term monitoring is needed EPA will utilize the new NO2 data for future NAAQS With Miami’s site coming on line soon- Florida Near Road Project is deemed complete.