Earth Science Intro Pg 2-3, 7-9, 16-17, 85

Pre-Teach Vocabulary Earth Science – the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space Geology – study of Earth, its form and composition, and the changes it has undergone and is undergoing Oceanography – study of the oceans Meteorology – study of the atmosphere (weather and climate) Astronomy – study of the universe

Vocabulary continued… Hydrosphere – all water on earth (puddles, rain, ocean, etc) Atmosphere – the gas surrounding Earth Geosphere – rock, dirt, dust, sand (crust, mantle, core) Biosphere – all life on Earth

4 Spheres..

More vocab… 10. Weather Satellites – measures temperature of atmosphere and seawater 11. Navigation Satellites – helps ships find exact location 12. Landsat Satellites – gives data on Earth’s landmasses, coastal boundaries 13. GPS – gives latitude, longitude, and altitude 14. VLBI – tracks movement of Earth’s crust using radio waves 15. Carbon Cycle – one of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles that describes the movement of carbon throughout the spheres

Overview of Earth Science Earth science is the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space 1. Geology Geochemistry Geophysics Geobiology Paleontology 2. Oceanography 3. Meteorology 4. Astronomy

Geology Means “study of earth” Two areas of geology 1. Physical geology – examining the materials that make up Earth and possible explanations for the processes that shape our planet ex) Geochemistry- what are rocks made of and how are they changed? 2. Historical geology – understanding Earth’s long history ex) Paleontology- ancient environments and animals (fossils).

Oceanography Study of the ocean composition and movement of seawater What is seawater made of? Does it move? coastal processes Do coastlines change? What could change them? seafloor topography Is the sea floor flat? marine life - What type of animals live in the ocean?

Meteorology Study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate What causes thunderstorms? - Why do we have seasons?

Astronomy Study of the universe (planets, stars, galaxies, etc.) -Why do we care about outer space? Hubble telescope took pic on L – the spot on the lens that took the pic was as small as Lincoln’s eye on a penny

4 Spheres of Geology Hydrosphere – all water on the planet. Atmosphere – gases around Earth Geosphere – aka lithosphere – core, mantle, and crust Biosphere – all life on Earth

We are stardust… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8g4d- rnhuSg

Technology pg 16-17 Why? Gives us ability to more precisely analyze Earth’s physical properties. Technology makes things possible and easier. Remote sensing – satellites giving us data from a distance GPS – Global Positioning Systems Ships, planes, cars, wildlife, earthquakes, erosion Study rivers, oceans, fires, pollution, natural resources GPS – ships, planes, people (location, speed, direction), studying wildlife, earthquakes, erosion Negative technology? Loss of privacy

Satellites Weather Satellites – Navigation Satellites – Temperature of atmosphere, seawater Cloud cover Scan Earth’s surface in 24 hours Navigation Satellites – Help ships and submarines find exact location Landsat Satellites – Data and pictures of Earth’s landmasses, coastal boundaries, coral reefs. Weather - Locate distress signals Landsat- Pictures go to ground stations around the world Orbit Earth every 99 minutes and complete 14 orbits per day Total coverage of Earth in 16 days

Technology cont. GPS – Global positioning system Gives latitude, longitude, and elevation VLBI – Very Long Baseline Interferometry Uses antennas to receive radio waves Used to measure the geosphere Tectonic plate movement and other movements of Earth’s crust GPS – uses three different satellites for triangulation to find location & uses 4th satellite to find exact position

Technology Pro’s and Con’s Describe a time that technology helped you. Describe a time that technology caused you trouble. Does technology ever invade our privacy? Should scientists continue to create new types of technology? Why or why not?

Carbon Cycle pg 85 Is a biogeochemical cycle – matter and energy move through the Earth system in a series of steps. What does that mean? At each step, carbon is stored for a period of time in a “reservoir” or part of Earth’s system EX: atmosphere, ocean, biomass, fossil fuel, and carbonate rock May be there for an organism’s lifetime OR millions of years in coal

Carbon Cycle

Common Carbon Reservoirs Atmosphere - carbon dioxide or CO2 Ocean – calcite (CaCO3) in shells and skeletons of marine animals Biomass – living organisms Fossil fuels – start as remains of dead organisms  coal, oil, natural gas Carbonate rock – rocks with carbonate ions (CO2-3) (limestone)

Movement of Carbon Photosynthesis – atmosphere  biosphere Respiration – biosphere  atmosphere Volcanoes – geosphere  atmosphere Burning biomass – biosphere  atmosphere Burial of biomass – biosphere  geosphere Deposit carbonate sediment – hydrosphere  geosphere Weathering of rock – geosphere  hydrosphere Burning fossil fuels – geosphere  atmosphere

Why is the carbon cycle so important to our lives? Why do we care about the carbon cycle? If carbon didn’t move throughout the spheres, would that matter to us?

Carbon Cycle Game Carbon Cycle Game Follow the path!!!