The Nature of Matter Mr. Halfen Sept. 2016

Characteristics Properties Independent of volume Useful for identifying a substance Useful for designing mixture separation techniques examples:

States of Matter Solid - Definite Shape, Definite Volume Liquid - Indefinite Shape, Definite Volume Gas - Indefinite Shape, Indefinite Volume

Changes in State Addition of Heat (Energy) Melting Boiling Sublimation Loss of Heat (Energy) Condensation Freezing (Solidification)

Substances Copy Figure 2.22 into your notes. Add the following info under mixtures- heterogeneous - mixture not identical throughout (e.g., salad or fruit loops in a bowl of milk) homogeneous - identical throughout (aka “solution”) alloy - homogeneous mixture of metals (e.g., steel, brass, bronze)

Substances - definitions solution - solute - solvent - suspension - miscible -

Separation Techniques Solid in Liquid - Suspensions Decanting - Filtration - Centrifugation -

Separation techniques Dissolved Solids in Liquids Distillation - Evaporation - Chromatography -

Separation Techniques Solid & Solid Density - Magnetism - Differences in Solubility -

Separation Techniques Liquid & Liquid Density - Separation Funnel - Fractional Distillation -

Solubility Maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can be dissolved in another substance (solvent) Depends on substances and temperature In general, solubility of solids incr. w/ incr’g temp. solubility of gases decr. w/ incr’g temp.

Atoms and Elements - Definitions Compound - Shell -

Atomic Structure Subatomic Particle Relative Mass Relative Charge Location Protons Neutrons none Electrons ~ zero

Atomic Structure (cont.) atomic number (Z) = no. of protons (aka proton number) mass number (A) = no. of protons + no. of neutrons (aka nucleon number) isotope -

Atomic Structure - practice symbol Z A protons neutrons electrons Hydrogen 2 helium 3 C 14 8 18 silver 107 Uranium U 92 235 143

Atomic Structure (cont.) Compare your data from the last slide to table 2.8 on p. 52. Why are some of them different? Which of the following pair are isotopes? A) Atom 1: Z=12 & A=26; atom 2: Z=13 & A=26 B) Atom 1: Z=12 & A=27; atom 2: Z=12 & A=26 C) Atom 1: Z=12 & A=26; atom 2: Z=13 & A=27

Relative atomic Mass Relative atomic mass - calculate the relative atomic mass for: Isotope Relative abundance 12C 99% 13C 0.99% 14C 0.01%

Symbols – get atomic symbols for these elements Aluminum Al Bromine Chromium Mercury Nitrogen Lead Tin Silver Carbon Cesium Iodine Sodium Platinum Strontium Argon Calcium Copper Iridium Neon Rubidium Titanium Gold Cadmium Iron Potassium Nickel Radon Uranium Boron Chlorine Hydrogen Lithium Oxygen Sulfur Vanadium Beryllium Cobalt Helium Magnesium Phosphorus Silicon Zinc Zn

Electron Arrangement Copy the Bohr model from figure 2.37 Draw Bohr models for the following: 2H 23Na 15O 40K 28Si 39Ca

Radioactivity radioactivity - radioactive dating - industrial uses - medical uses -