The Settlement of the Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New York 1609 - Henry Hudson explores New York 1621 - Dutch West India Company is granted permission to colonize New Netherland A diverse colony: Dutch, German, French, Scandinavian and slaves will ultimately live in New Netherlands The Dutch capitalize on the fur trade and foster good relations with the Iroquois

The Iroquois “The League of Five Nations”: Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Cayuga Seneca

“A Dutch Wedge” British came to view Dutch New Netherland as an obstacle to their power in America (separating New England) 1664 – King Charles II authorizes his brother, the Duke of York to seize control of New Netherland Dutch Colonial Governor Peter Stuyvesant concedes defeat New York and later New Jersey would ultimately become proprietary colonies

Pennsylvania: “The Holy Experiment” Settled by William Penn (1660s) Populated largely by Quakers / Religious Society of Friends Quakers were unwelcome in England due to their radical views – ex: pacifism Penn grants religious freedom and forms a representative assembly – all adult males can vote Delaware would ultimately separate from Pennsylvania

William Penn and Native Americans Pennsylvania, unlike other colonies has no outbreak of violence between settlers and Native Americans 1683 – Penn’s Treaty set the tone of peace which would last for 100 years: “We meet on the broad pathway of good faith and good-will; no advantage shall be taken on either side, but all shall be openness and love. We are the same as if one man’s body was to be divided into two parts; we are of one flesh and one blood.” – William Penn

Wrap up Q: What does “religious freedom” mean in Massachusetts vs. Pennsylvania?