Thailand’s Urban Climate Change Mitigation: Rethinking the Future Prapat Pongkiatkul Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) Urban Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation actions in building livable cities, International Forum on Livable Cities toward Sustainable Development, Taichung City, Taiwan, September 28 to 29, 2017

Carbon Footprint per capita (year 2007) Our Current Status Carbon Footprint per capita (year 2007) 2009 CFP Thailand 3.8 t CO2eq/capita www.theurbanist.org

Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector 2011 (BUR, 2015) Energy (222.94 MtCO2eq) 72.97% Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Sector Public Electricity & Heat Production (86.87 MtCO2eq) 38.96% 2011 (BUR, 2015)

Academic Office Hospital ecct-th, 1991 47% Air condition 38% Lighting 15% Others Office 63% Air condition 25% Lighting 12% Others Hospital 60% Air condition 22% Lighting 18% Others ecct-th, 1991

Energy Consumption in a commercial office building Average Energy consumption (kWh. m-2.Y-1) Percentage (%) Range of Energy consumption (kWh. m-2.Y-1) Air condition 114 60 110-160 Lighting 38 20 25-50 Ventilation 10 4 8-15 Office apparatus 1-10 Elevator 11 10-20 Others 17 8 6-20 Total 190 100 160-275 Surapong Jirarattananon, 2016 Image from the internet

Energy consumption per unit Unit: kWh. m-2.Y-1 Office Hotel Hospital Department store School Condominium Hyper market Others Air condition 115.2 143.2 162.1 184.9 76.2 168.1 165.4 216.5 Lighting 12.9 27.0 24.1 56.2 11.1 12.2 84.8 26.0 Total 147.5 209.3 158.8 270.9 102.0 146.6 391.0 117.6 Surapong Jirarattananon, 2016

(TGO, 2016)

Thailand’s GHG Mitigation Policy UNFCCC Ratify 28 December 1994 Kyoto Protocol Ratify in 1999 Period 1 (2008- 2012) Period 2 (2013- 2020) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) GHG Reduction Target 7-20 within 2020 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) GHG Reduction Target 20-25 within 2030 Thailand’s Policy 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017-2021) THAILAND Climate Change Master Plan 2011-2050 Energy Efficiency Plan 2015–2036 Alternative Energy Development. Plan 2015–2036 20-Year Strategic Plan for development of Thailand’s transportation services 2017-2036 Siriluk Chiarakorn, 2017

SIMPLE Energy Management Program turn off energy efficiency unplug energy saving lamp

TECHNOLOGY Air conditioning with inverter control Ventilation with heat exchanger Daikin, 2017

Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat collector from compressor unit

Building energy management system SMART

Lighting system Ventilation system Air Condition system

Alternative Energy

Thailand Building Energy Code 9 12 24 Working hours 9 12 24 Academic, office building Department store, service building, public building Hospital, hotel – Envelope System – Lighting System – Air-Conditioning System – PV System – Hot Water System – Whole Building Energy Energy efficiency Market Based Instrument Based Measures Frequency area > 2,000 sq.m.

Energy Reduction after comply with the BEC Unit: kWh. m-2.Y-1 Building type Base case Comply with code Economic Office 146.4 98.7 82.3 Hotel 173.2 117.0 101.7 Hospital 148.8 123.9 112.0 Department store 556.0 394.3 368.0 School 94.0 79.3 67.2 Misc. 139.7 117.2 100.0 Condominium 118.4 105.3 92.7 Hyper market 394.7 300.9 248.7 Surapong Jirarattananon, 2016

Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability – Building Management – Site and Landscape – Water Conservation – Energy and Atmosphere – Materials and Resources – Indoor Environment Quality – Environmental Impacts – Green Innovation Platinum Gold Silver Certified

20-year Energy Saving Plan towards net zero energy building Surapong Jirarattananon, 2016

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