Discovery Seminar UE141 PP– Spring 2009 Solving Crimes using Referent Tracking Entities and their relationships - How the homework should have been done - March 26, 2009 Werner CEUSTERS Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Ontology Research Group University at Buffalo, NY, USA

A realist view of the world The world consists of entities that are Either particulars or universals; Either occurrents or continuants; Either dependent or independent; and, relationships between these entities of the form <particular , universal> e.g. is-instance-of, <particular , particular> e.g. is-member-of <universal , universal> e.g. isa (is-subtype-of) Smith B, Kusnierczyk W, Schober D, Ceusters W. Towards a Reference Terminology for Ontology Research and Development in the Biomedical Domain. Proceedings of KR-MED 2006, November 8, 2006, Baltimore MD, USA

Extended Top-Level Ontology Continuant Occurrent Spatial Region Independent Continuant Process Temporal Region Scattered Spatial Region Dependent Continuant Object Abstract Entity Scattered Temporal Region Role Function Quality Propensity

Universals and classes e.g. human extension-of universal instance-of (at t for continuants) e.g. all humans member-of at t class P P P P Defined class P P P P P P P P e.g. all humans in this room

Primitive instance-level relationships c instance_of C at t - a primitive relation between a continuant instance and a universal which it instantiates at a specific time c inheres-in c1 at t - a primitive relation between a dependent continuant instance, an independent continuant instance and a time at which the former depends on the latter p instance_of P - a primitive relation between a process instance and a universal which it instantiates holding independently of time c part_of c1 at t - a primitive relation between two continuant instances and a time at which the one is part of the other p part_of p1, r part_of r1 , t part_of t1 - a primitive relation of parthood, holding independently of time, either between process instances (one a subprocess of the other), between spatial regions (one a subregion of the other), or between temporal regions c located_in r at t - a primitive relation between a continuant instance, a spatial region which it occupies, and a time r adjacent_to r1 - a primitive relation of proximity between two disjoint continuants t earlier t1 - a primitive relation between two times c derives_from c1 - a primitive relation involving two distinct material continuants c and c1 p has_participant c at t - a primitive relation between a process, a continuant, and a time p has_agent c at t - a primitive relation between a process, a continuant and a time at which the continuant is causally active in the process p member-of ClassX at t, c member-of ClassX at t – a primitive relation between a continuant or process instance and a class

Homework On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately. Task: Find the entities based upon the expanded ontology Identify the PtoP and PtoU-relationships Identify defined classes, and their members in the scenario Due date: March 24, 10 PM (ceusters@buffalo.edu)

Not just examples, but ALL entities and relationships Tips Not just examples, but ALL entities and relationships Verify the constraints for each used relation Do not fortget the ‘at t’ where required, and define each ‘t’, e.g. t1: the time Weiss shot t2: the time Long died …

Solution

Terms explicitly denoting entities On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately. 25 terms

Explicitly denoted particulars On September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss shot Senator Huey Long in the Louisiana State Capitol with a .35 calibre pistol. Long died from this wound thirty hours later on September 10th. Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately. 22 particulars (note)

Determination of classes/universals September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss The shooting of (5) by (2) The senator role of (4) Huey Long the Louisiana State Capitol Louisiana State That .35 calibre pistol used for (3) The .35 calibre property of (8) The dying of (5) at (12) Long’s wound caused by (3) thirty hours later on September 10th received (the shooting of Weiss) between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets between thirty-two and sixty the .45 calibre property of some bullets of (14) The .44 calibre property of some bullets of (14) hollow point shape property of all bullets of (14) Long's bodyguards agitated state of the bodyguards Death of Weiss instance-of temporal region instance-of object at (1) instance-of process instance-of role at (1) instance-of abstract entity at (1) instance-of quality at (1) instance-of process instance-of process at (22) instance-of object at (22) instance of quality at (22) Require special treatment: several particulars implicitly mentioned !

PtoP – relations (partially) September 9th, 1935, Carl Austin Weiss The shooting of (5) by (2) The senator role of (4) Huey Long the Louisiana State Capitol Louisiana State That .35 calibre pistol used for (3) The .35 calibre property of (8) R(x): region occupied by (x) Legend Inheres-in at (1) 9 8 Has-participant at (1) 4 Inheres-in at (1) 5 Has-participant at (1) 3 Has-agent at (1) 2 located-in at (1) Part-of Part-of R(5) R(6) R(7) located-in at (1) located-in at (1) 6 7

Homework Do the PtoP-schema for : ‘Weiss, on the other hand, received between thirty-two and sixty .44 and .45 calibre hollow point bullets from Long's agitated bodyguards and died immediately.’ Note: think carefully about the way to deal with the collection of bullets and bodyguards and what they are composed of !!! Due date: March 31, 10 PM (ceusters@buffalo.edu)