POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS

ORGANISM / INDIVIDUAL Any living thing. ONE member of a species or population. EX: A deer, a rabbit, a bacteria, a tree, a flower, a mushroom, etc.

POPULATION A population is made up of all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time. EX: Bison living in the prairie, colony of fish, a pack of wolves, a grouping of trees

COMMUNITY All of the different populations of all species LIVING in an ecosystem. Only the populations living in an area, not the place where they live! EX: Birds, deer, grass, trees, fungi, bacteria, ticks, all living together in the same area.

ECOSYSTEM Consists of all the organisms living in an area, as well as the nonliving parts of that environment. EX: Deer, birds, insects, grass, + the water, temperature, sunlight, soil, air quality, etc.

ABIOTIC Nonliving things that effect living organisms. EX: Sun, temperature, rainfall, soil

BIOTIC Living organisms and products of living things.

BIOMES A biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups. The climate and geography of a region determines what type of biome exists. 9 biomes Tundra, Deciduous Forest, Savanna, Taiga, Chaparral, Rainforest, Grasslands, Desert, Alpine. Each biome consists of many ecosystems.

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm

WHAT IS A SPECIES? A class or group of individuals having similar characteristics. Used to classify organisms. How are organisms classified?

Taxonomy and Bionomial Nomenclature 12

The science of classifying all living things into seven major groups based on similarities of structure or origin Taxonomy 13

Classification How are organisms classified? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 14

Classification of Humans Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species- Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Sapien How do you remember the order? 15

Group Name Organism Human Chimpanzee House Cat Lion Housefly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammal Insect Order Primates Carnivora Family Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Muscidae Genus Homo Pan Felis Musca Species sapiens troglodytes domestica leo Scientific Name Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Felis domestica Felis leo Musca domestica As you go down the column, the defining characteristics of each subgroup become more and more similar. The members of a kingdom are more diverse, and the members of a species are more similar. 16

If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same Kingdom, Phylum, and Class. 17

How to Remember King Phillip Came Over For Good Supper 18

Five Kingdoms Monerans Ex: Bacteria (single celled, prokaryotic) Protista Ex: Amoeba (single celled, eukaryotic) Fungi Ex: Mushroom (multicellular, eukaryotic) Plantae Ex: Flowering Plants (multicellular, eukaryotic) Animalia Ex: People, Elephants (multicellular, eukaryotic) 19

Binomial Nomenclature Translates to “two-name name-calling” Every species has a generic (genus) and a specific name (species) Always in Latin Carolus Linnaeus Known as father of taxonomy Made up the binomial system for naming organisms Very similar to how people are named Genus is the surname (last name) Species is the personal name (first name) 20

Why use Scientific Names? Many organisms have more than one common name Many different species have the same common name Ex: American Robin and European Robin Universal language understood around the world 21

The Use of Scientific Names Genus is always capital and species is always lower case Underline the whole name Examples Felis domesticus (house cat) Canis familiaris (common dog) Acer saccharum (maple tree) 22

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/classifying-life.html

Unusual Names Abra cadabra (snail) La cucaracha (moth) Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo) Ba humbugi (snail) Balbaroo fangaroo (kangaroo) Chaos chaos (protozoan) http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html 24

What is your Scientific Name? Female Male Genus -a or -es -us Species -ae -i For Example: Bart Simpson Simpson Bart Simpson bart Simpsonus barti - a persons name - last name first (genus) - first name is lower case (species) add proper endings and underline Now write your name! 25

Group Name Organism Human Chimpanzee House Cat Lion Housefly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropoda Class Mammal Insect Order Primates Carnivora Family Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Muscidae Genus Homo Pan Felis Musca Species sapiens troglodytes domestica leo Scientific Name Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Felis domestica Felis leo Musca domestica 26

LINNAEUS Swedish botanist Born in 1700’s Made up the binomial system for naming organisms Known as father of taxonomy

How are organisms classified? Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species- Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens

Acronym to remember Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools King Phillip came over for good supper Make up your own

Binomial Nomenclature Translates to “two-name name-calling” Every species has a generic (genus) and specific name (species) Always in Latin Very similar to how people are named Genus is the surname (last name) Species is the personal name (first name)

Why use Scientific Names? Many organisms have more than one common name Many different species have the same common names American Robin and the European Robin Universally understood throughout the world

How does it work? Genus is always capital and species is always lower case Examples of scientific names: Felis domesticus (house cat) Canis familiaris (common dog) Acer saccharum (maple tree) Satter kari

Weird Scientific Names Abra cadabra (snail) La cucaracha (moth) Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo) Ba humbugi (snail) Balbaroo fangaroo (kangaroo) Chaos chaos (protozoan) http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html

How to “latinize” your name Female Male Genus -a or -es -us Species -ae -i For example: Bart Simpson -a person’s name Simpson Bart - last name (genus) first Simpson bart -first name is lower case (species) Simpsonus barti -add male endings to genus and species

Science of classifying all living things into seven major categories TAXONOMY pages 8 and 9 Science of classifying all living things into seven major categories

Which group on the chart do you think has the most organisms in it? Kingdom

What are the five kingdoms? Monerans Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

1. What do all animals have in common? Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular

What four organisms are put in the same first three levels? Human Chimp House cat Lion

3. What do you notice about the characteristics of the groups as you move down the Animalia kingdom? They become more similar

3. Compare the characteristics of a kingdom verses a species 3. Compare the characteristics of a kingdom verses a species. What do you notice? Kingdom is more diverse Species is more similar

Are the cat and housefly the same species? NO, because the groups above them don’t all match. Species is like a first name it means little unless the last name (genus) is with it.

4. If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same… Kingdom Phylum Class

5. Every organism is given a scientific name that consists of what? Genus Species Which one is always capitalized? Which one is always lower case?

7. Which two organisms are most closely related on the chart? WHY Cat and lion They are the same in 6 of the 7 levels of classification.

7. A human is most closely related to what organism on the chart? WHY Chimp They are the same in 4 of the 7 levels of classification.