Naming Covalent Compounds

Comparing Ionic & Covalent Compounds Slide # 2 Comparing Ionic & Covalent Compounds Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Have positive & negative ions Neutral molecules Solids Solids, liquids, or gases High melting point & high boiling points Lower melting & boiling points (often liquids or gases at room temp) Separate into charged particles in water Remain as same molecules in water Conduct electricity when melted Poor conductors of electricity

Electron Dot Diagrams Use to show how 2 or more atoms form a compound Slide # 3 Electron Dot Diagrams Use to show how 2 or more atoms form a compound Usually only include the valence electrons of the atom The electron dot diagram shows that Na has 1 electron to give up The electron dot diagram shows that Cl needs to gain 1 electron

Electron dot diagrams of Elements in Group 18 Slide # 4 Electron dot diagrams of Elements in Group 18 Electron dot diagrams of the Inert gases (Group 18) show that they have 8 (except He) valence electrons. 8 valence electrons means that they are stable & non-reactive

Electron dot diagrams of diatomic elements Slide # 5 Electron dot diagrams of diatomic elements Some elements in nature only exist as diatomic elements (2 atoms chemically bonded together) Diatomic elements: H2 O2 N2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 An electron dot diagram for oxygen. An electron dot diagram for fluorine.

Electron Dot Diagrams for Compounds Slide # 6 Electron Dot Diagrams for Compounds

Naming Covalent Compounds Slide #7 Naming Covalent Compounds Often a pair of elements can form several different compounds. EX: carbon & oxygen can form CO2 or CO CO2 = carbon dioxide CO = carbon monoxide Prefix Meaning Mono- 1 Hexa 6 Di 2 Hepta 7 Tri 3 Octa 8 Tetra 4 Nona 9 Penta 5 Deca 10

Practice Naming these Compounds Slide # 8 Practice Naming these Compounds SO2 NO SiI4 P4O10 PCl3 Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen monoxide Silicon tetraiodide Tetraphosphorus decoxide Phosphorus trichloride