Chapter 2 Connecting Technology and Engineering through Mathematics and Science

Objectives Define engineering. Describe the relationship between technology and engineering. Explore the relationship between technology, science, and mathematics. Compare and contrast the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). OlegSam/Shutterstock.com

Objectives List the six basic steps for technological or engineering design processes. Describe the differences between inventions and innovations. Examine the impact of inventions and innovations. Evaluate the process of patenting to protect inventive or innovative ideas. NASA

Technology Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Technology and Engineering Engineering develops and improves technologies Mathematics and science knowledge Calculates mechanical advantage Norma Cornes/Shutterstock.com

Mechanical Advantage Measures amplifying amount of effort exerted OlegSam/Shutterstock.com

Calculating Mechanical Advantage STEM Connection Science and Mathematics Calculating Mechanical Advantage Greater mechanical advantage means greater tasks accomplished Ratio of output force to input force Mechanical advantage (MA)= effort arm length load arm length cagi/Shutterstock.com

Engineering Science, math, and technological application Efficient problem-solving Systematic and iterative approach

Engineers Conduct research Apply scientific and technological knowledge Solve real-world problems Modify natural world Improve everyday technologies

Relationship between Technology, Engineering, Science, and Math Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Science Study of natural world Questions about natural phenomena Scientists design investigation Analyze and interpret data Construct explanations Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com

Evaluating Technologies Design and conduct tests Does technology meet goals What is effect of technology Prove or disprove hypothesis Scientific method

The Scientific Method Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Mathematics Common engineer practices: Measurement techniques Estimation Reasoning with equations Scaling and proportion Quantifies world Phenomena as quantities NASA

Think Green Carbon Footprint Measures everyday behavior on environment Amount of carbon dioxide released Energy and gas from home and travel Important to learn details and calculate footprint Helps to motivate carbon reduction

Technology versus Engineering Creative action Trial-and-error approach Engineering Systematic approach Science and math knowledge

Technological Design Problem solution to meet needs Open-ended process Trial-and-error

Engineering Design Intentional path to solve problem Predictive analysis How well solution solves a problem Before solution is produced Optimization Mathematical modeling and analysis Make solution most effective

Steps of the Technological and Engineering Design Processes Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Identify and Define a Problem Develop basic information about problem Evaluates design limitations

Gather Information Search for background information needed to develop solution ideas

Develop a Design Solution Refine several possible solutions Isolate, refine, and detail best solution

Model and Make the Solution Produce model or prototype of solution Physical Graphic Mathematical

Evaluate the Solution Test model of selected solution Determine how well solution solves problem Optimize or redesign, if necessary

Communicate the Final Solution Select final solution Prepare documents needed to produce and use solution

Achieving Goals through Technology and Engineering Technology developed to meet specific goal Artifact can meet more than one goal Technology transfer

Technology Explained Smart House Computer technology Controls energy use, security, and communication Microprocessors and wiring system Hybrid branch cables Communication cables Applications cables Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Engineering and Technology Outcomes Inventions New, useful product or process Innovations Improvement to preexisting product or process Better solves problem

Patents Property rights for new processes or products Granted by government Exclusive use to create designs and sell ideas United States Patent Office

Engineering Technician Career Connection Engineering Technician Assist engineers and engineering technologists Install, repair, maintain equipment Research and development projects Various technology fields Manufacturing Medical