Emergence of Russia Chapter 20 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Emergence of Russia Chapter 20 Section 2

Russia Under the Czar’s After the Mongol influnece was dealt with, Russia grew powerful and large. No sizable or powerful groups stood against them. There were few natural barriers limited the expansion. Monarchs, CZARS made the expansion possible

Russia Expands Peter The Great Catherine The Great Ruled in the late 1600’s and early 1700’s Expanded to Russia to the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Baltic Sea in the west. Built a new capitol: St. Petersburg Extended Russia further Controlled Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine.

Challenges in 1812 French Emperor, Napoleon, invades Russia with ~ 60,000 soldiers. Captures Moscow As the Russian fled the city to the Northeast, they set fire to the city and the path they took. “Scortched Earth Policy”- depriving the French of much needed food and supplies. Russia’s geography becomes their best defender- bitter cold 100,000 left Moscow in retreat of the Russian Army and fewer than 30,000 returned to France.

Russian Social Structure: Russia Continues to Prosper: Russia remains backwards. More peasants were forced to work on land of wealthy property owners through the system of serfdom. Controlled virtually as slaves. In the follow centuries, Russia combines its powers to nearly control all parts of Northern Eurasia.

The Rise of Communism: 1. As the dissatisfaction with the czarist government continued through World War I, the Russian people became more hostile in their opinions and ideas. Watch this video! (start with 1 and watch then click on 2 and so on…You will be held responsible for information for the test.) This video starts in the middle of WWI, when Czar Nicholas is gone to war to rally the troops and the Czarina Alexandra is at home ruling. 2.

5. 3. 4. 6.

SOVIET LEADERS LENIN (1918 - 1927) INTRODUCED MARXIST PHILOSOPHY REPLACED PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC OWNERSHIP DEVELOPED NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANS ESTABLISHED SOVIET POLITICAL STRUCTURE BASED ON ETHNIC IDENTITIES

SOVIET LEADERS STALIN (1927 - 1953) ALL ASSETS NATIONALIZED CREATION OF HUGE CENTRALIZED STATE MACHINE OVER ALL ASPECTS OF SOVIET LIFE PURGES OF DISSIDENTS (30-60 MILLION) COLLECTIVIZED FARMING (SOVKHOZ) CONCENTRATION ON HEAVY INDUSTRY AT EXPENSE OF AGRICULTURE

INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM PERESTROIKA SOVIET LEADERS GORBACHEV (1985 - 1991) INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM PERESTROIKA RESTRUCTURING ECONOMIC AIM: TO CATCH UP WITH WESTERN ECONOMIES POLITICAL AIM: REFORM OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION (CONDITIONS IN 1990 & 1991) A SHARP DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ECONOMIC OUTPUT DOWN BY 4% IN 1990 & 10-15% IN FIRST HALF OF 1991 INTENSIFICATION OF NATIONALISM & SEPARATISM

Post-Soviet Era Westernization of Russia Introduction of Capitalism and Market Economy Introduction of outside cultural influences (fast food restaurants) Ongoing issues with Chechnya