Introduction On the 04th February every year the entire world unites to battle cancer. The objective of celebrating World Cancer day is to spread cancer awareness, encourage the prevention and treatment of cancer and to motivate the cancer patients.

What Is Cancer? As per WHO, cancer is a generic term used for a large group of diseases that could affect any part of the body. A defining feature of cancer is the rapid formation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries. These cells then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs.

Cancer stats in India India is most likely to have over 17.3 lakh new cancer cases. Over 8.8 lakh deaths are estimated because of cancer by 2020 (with cancers of breast, lung and cervix topping the list). Over 7.36 lakh people are expected to succumb to cancer in 2016; these figures are estimated to shoot up to 8.8 lakh by 2020. Only 12.5% of patients come for treatment in the early stages of the disease. Breast cancer and mouth cancer topped the list in females and males respectively. According to ICMR, new cases of breast cancer were estimated to be 1.5 lakh (over 10 % of all cancers) in 2016. Breast cancer is the top most fatal disease in India. Lung cancer is 2nd with estimated new cases of 1.14 lakh (83,000 in males and 31,000 in females) during 2016 and 1.4 lakh cases in 2020. Cancer of the cervix is the 3rd most common cancer with estimated 1 lakh new cases in 2016 and about 1.04 lakh during 2020. Cancers associated with tobacco use account for about 30 % of all cancers in males and females. The overall proportion of patients visiting early - localized stage is only 12.5%.

World Cancer Statistics An estimated 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide in 2012. Worldwide there will be 23.6 million new cases of cancer each year by 2030 (estimated). In 2008, an estimated 169.3 million years of healthy life were lost because of cancer globally. Countries at a low or medium level of Human Development Index (HDI) have an occurrence of more than 4 in ten cancers occurring worldwide. 4 of the most common cancers worldwide are cancers of lung, female breast, bowel and prostate cancer. These account for approximately 4 in 10 of all cancers that are diagnosed worldwide. Lung cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men worldwide. More than 1 in 10 diagnosed in men are lung cancers. Since 1975, cancers of the lung, breast and bowel (including anus), stomach and prostate cancers are the most commonly diagnosed worldwide.

Cancer Facts There are more than 100 types of cancers; any part of the body can be affected. About 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2008, 7.6 million people died of cancer - 13% of all deaths worldwide. World’s 5 most common and fatal cancer types in men are lung, stomach, liver, colorectal and oesophagus. World’s 5 most common and fatal cancer types in females are breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical.

Cancer Facts 22% of cancer deaths can be prevented just by avoiding/quitting tobacco use. 1/5th of all cancers in the world are caused by a chronic infection, like human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver cancer. Cancers of major public health relevance like breast, cervical and colorectal cancer can be cured by an early detection. All patients in need of pain relief could be helped by awareness about pain control and palliative care. More than 30% of cancer could be prevented, mainly by avoiding tobacco, a healthy diet, being physically active and by moderate use of alcohol.

World Cancer Day In India This year, in February 2017, the Union health ministry is set to roll out a massive free door-to-door screening programme for the early detection of cancer, heart disorders and diabetes, as these account for over 35% of all deaths in India. The programme is aimed at preventive-care measures planned by the health ministry. It is targeted at the age group of 30-69 years, which is almost 37% of the total population. This population is apparently highly vulnerable to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer and diabetes which account for 55% of the premature mortality in the same age group. This programme would be flagged off by PM Modi on February 4, which is World Cancer Day. Under the initiative, the government aims at testing over 1/3rd population in a years.

Causes of Cancer Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. Cancer results from an uncontrollable growth of cells. Normal cells in the body are responsible for growth, division, and death. When this normal functioning is hampered or this process breaks down, it causes cancer. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells do not experience programmatic death; instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of control. Let’s see what are the risks factors for cancer in the next slide…

Cancer Risk Factors

Cancer Symptoms Cancer is a group of diseases that can have varied symptoms. Not to mention that it is also one of the silent killer diseases. It might not exhibit any signs and symptoms in a person. Cancer signs and symptoms can be remembered by the acronym “CAUTION US” which stands for: Change in bowel or bladder habits Any sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere. Indigestion. Obvious change in a wart or mole. Nagging cough or hoarseness. Unexplained anaemia. Sudden and unexplained weight loss.

Types of Cancer Cancer Types There are more than 100 types of cancer. Cancer can be broadly classified as follows: Cancer Types Anatomical location Size of the cancerous growth Based on the tissue from which it originates From where the cancer cells originate. Example – Prostate cancer Breast cancer Cancers are additionally classified by the type of cell from where the tumor cells originate. Example: carcinoma originates from epithelial cells and sarcoma originates from the connective tissue Cancer based on the size as seen under the microscope. Example: Giant cell carcinoma Spindle cell carcinoma

Cancer Prevention As per WHO, At least 1/3rd of all cancer cases are preventable and prevention provides the most cost effective long-term strategy for the control of cancer.

Cancer Prevention Tips Simplest Cancer Prevention Tips Though there is a lot of confusion about the facts on cancer prevention, it is a well-accepted fact that the chances of you developing cancer are affected by the lifestyle choices you make. You can follow simple things to save yourself from cancer. Eat healthy: Even though there is no specific “cancer diet” you can make healthy choices and also save yourself from the excess trouble of being obese and putting on the unhealthy weight. Staying positively active: Its always beneficial to stay active, positive and to maintain a healthy weight.

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