The 1st & 2nd Great Awakening & the cultural changes in 1800s America

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Presentation transcript:

The 1st & 2nd Great Awakening & the cultural changes in 1800s America

1st Great Awakening 1730s - 1740s

What was the Great Awakening? Religious revival movement. Evangelicalism-- “new birth” is the ultimate religious experience. Followers accept that they are sinners and ask for salvation.

Before the Great Awakening Before 1730s, most colonies had established religions: Congregationalists in New England (basically Puritans) Anglicans in New York and Southern Colonies (same as Church of England)

“Old Lights” vs. “New Lights” Churches that grew as a result of the Great Awakening: Presbyterianism, Methodism, Baptism (“New Lights”) Great Awakening challenged authority and hierarchy of established churches (“Old Lights:” Congregationalists and Anglicans). Great Awakening said anyone could be converted or “born again”; you didn’t need traditional church leadership to decide whether or not you belong.

Leaders of the 1st Great Awakening George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards

The Second Great Awakening Evangelical Reform from within Social Reform Equality (preached to whites & blacks alike; also women)

1. Women in America

Women in the 1800s Women’s Place Cook, clean, care for children, take family to church Unable to vote Rights of a minor Could own property, but forfeited to husband upon marriage Could not initiate divorce Could not sign contracts or wills No education/schooling

Seneca Falls Convention (NY) Beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement GOAL: Suffrage (Right to Vote) Leaders: Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony

2. Prison Reform Dorothea Dix Rehabilitation Care for Mentally Ill

3. Education Reform Noah Webster Horace Mann Dictionary “Education beyond all other human devices, is a great equalizer of the human condition………It prevents being poor.” Tax Supported Schools (public schools)

4. Abolition Desired an end to slavery Based in both Religion and Resistance Abolitionist Movement Gradualists Immediatists Free Blacks