USH Ch 3 The Civil War Begins Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln (16th President, 1861 -1865) Was not an abolitionist Opposed spread of slavery to West South Carolina first state to secede (Dec 1860)

Creation of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis elected President of C.S.A. Fort Sumter fired upon (Apr 1861) Eleven total states secede

Opposing Economies Industry Taxes remained with federal government 90% of nation’s factories in North Taxes remained with federal government South begins to print money Creates “inflation”

The First Modern War Military Technology South’s Strategy Cone-shaped bullet Trenches and barricades South’s Strategy “attrition” (wear down enemy) Instead went on offensive Deep public push for a ‘big’ victory Union’s Strategy Anaconda Plan

Proclaiming Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation Jan 1, 1863 Freed only slaves in seceded states Changes War Began as a war preserving the Union Now a war to liberate enslaved people

The End of the War Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse Lincoln assassinated Results of the War: The Union is saved Federal government is strengthened Slavery now illegal (13th Amendment to Constitution) South is socially and economically devastated

Reconstruction Rebuilding the nation after the War Lincoln: offered amnesty (a pardon) to states that seceded Radical Republicans: Prevent leaders of Confederacy form holding power Wanted Republican Party to be powerful in South Help African-Americans achieve political equality

South clings to old ways Black Codes Former Confederate officials win public office African-Americans must enter into labor contracts Radical Reconstruction Now moderate Republicans becoming “Radical” 14th Amendment (“due process”)

Military Reconstruction South divided into five military districts 15th Amendment Right to vote cannot be denied due to race

Republican Reforms Repeal Black Codes Created state hospitals Created orphanages Rebuilt roads and railroads (“infrastructure”) Southern reaction: creation of Ku Klux Klan

Reconstruction “Fails” Republican political scandals Democrats begin to win power back in South Public was tired of politics of Reconstruction

The South After Reconstruction POSITIVES Four times more railroad track than in 1860 Thriving iron and steel industry NEGATIVES Still had an agrarian (farming)-based economy “Sharecropping”

Ch 3 Essential Questions What advantages and disadvantages did the North and South have at the beginning of the Civil War? How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War? What important issues caused disagreement about how Reconstruction should take place?