describe how the planets developed Essential Questions I will be able to write an explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core I will be able to compare the radiative and convective zones of the sun When ask I will be able to describe the 3 layers of the sun’s atmosphere 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Vocabulary Chapter 28 section 1 & 2 Radiative zone Convective zone Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Sunspots Sunspot cycle Prominences Solar flare Auroras 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Homework Vocabulary chapter 28, define and draw or give meaning – due Friday Read pages 571 – 575 answer review questions on page 575 – due Wednesday 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Objectives Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core Compare the Radiative and convection zones of the sun Describe the three layers of the sun’s atmosphere 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28 Standards Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the solar system’s structure, scale, and change over time. Students know the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes Structure of the sun Until recently most people thought the sun energy was fire. We now use spectroscopic analysis of the sun’s rays Have studied the inner layers of the sun; the core, the inner zones and the atmosphere 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes The core The core is 15,000,000C and is 10% of the sun’s diameter of 1,300,000 km Has 300,000 times our mass and therefore more gravity There is enough pressure in the core to strip electrons from atoms This creates plasma and allows nuclear fusion to take place 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes Hydrogen Fusion Two protons collide and fuse One changes into a neutron Another proton collide and fuse with the neutron and proton This collides with another nuclei of the same Two protons thrown off 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes Mass into energy Einstein proposed that a small amount of matter can create a large amount of energy E=mc2 is the theory of relativity that show how much energy is created from matter The sun coverts 600 million tons of Hydrogen a second 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes The inner zones The core 15,000,000C Radiative zone surrounds core 2,500,000C Convection zone 1,000,000C 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.1 Notes The Sun’s Atmosphere Upper three layers of sun after convection zone Photosphere or light – energy bubbles up here as light so we call it the surface, 6,000C The Chromosphere is a reddish zone that seems to form jets off the photosphere Corona is the outer layer that prevents energy loss 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Essential Questions Explain how sunspots are related to powerful magnetic fields on the sun Compare prominences and solar flares Describe how the solar wind can cause auroras on the earth When asked student should be able to explain in writing or orally. 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.2 Notes Solar Activity Gravity and Fusion cause solar materials to constantly rise and fall Gas also moves because of the solar rotation The equator rotates in 25.3 days The poles in 33 days Average is 27 days 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.2 Notes Sun Spots The up and down movement of the gases cause strong magnetic fields These magnetic fields cause the convection currents to slow Less material is raised to the photosphere – cool spots form 3,000C The sunspot cycle is a 11 year period – most form at the equator – last low was 2008 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Sunspots 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.2 Notes Prominences and solar flares The magnetic fields cause large clouds of hot gas to arch high above the sun’s surface The arch follows the magnetic field lines; can last a few days to a year Solar flares a violent eruptions of gas; can last several hours Flares thrown into space; cause magnetic storms on earth that can effect radio communication 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Chapter 28.2 Notes Auroras Caused by magnetic storms from the sun Charged particles move along earths magnetic fields and strike gases in the atmosphere The are 100km to 1,000km above the surface Sometimes called the northern or southern lights 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Solar Wind Interaction with Magnetosphere 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Essential Questions Explain the Nebular Theory of the origin of the solar system Describe how the planets developed Describe the formation of the land, the atmosphere, and the oceans of the earth 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Vocabulary Chapter 28 section 3 Solar system Planets Nebular theory Solar nebula Planetesimals Protoplanets Moons 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Chapter 28.3 Notes – nebular theory Formation of the Sun & Planets Nebular Theory PlanetesimalsProtoplanets Solar Nebula 5 Billion years ago….. Explosion of nearby supernova caused nebula to condense and spin – SOLAR NEBULA Planetesimals combined to form PROTOPLANETS – “pre-planets” 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Origin of Elements Hydrogen & Helium found in nebulae Lithium  Iron formed in core of stars from fusion Nickel  Plutonium formed during explosion of supernovae and re-condense in new nebula Is the Earth an “Original Planet?” Why? 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Origin of Elements 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Periodic Table of Elements 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Lecture 28.3 - Formation of the Earth 3 Main sources of Residual HEAT Primordial Heat Left over heat from formation of Earth Compression of outer layers Radioactive Material in Core 3 Main Layers Dense Core of Nickel & Iron Mantle Crust of less dense materials 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

Lecture 28.3 - Formation of the Earth The Solid Earth Core-Mantle-Crust The Atmosphere Volcanic Outgassing of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Reducing to Oxidizing Atmosphere through Cyanobacteria production of Oxygen The Oceans Rain formed oceans 3.5 Billion years ago 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed The Atmosphere Original (FIRST) Atmosphere probably lost to solar winds Present Atmosphere results from Outgassing Hydrogen & Helium abundant in Solar Nebula – where did water come from? Volcanic eruptions released MASSIVE amounts of carbon dioxide & water 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed Early Atmosphere Reducing  Oxidizing Atmosphere Sunlight caused Ammonia and water to form NITROGEN GAS Cyanobacteria & photosynthetic plants converted nitrogen to energy making OXYGEN WASTE PRODUCT Oxygen reacted with sunlight to form OZONE – PROTECTIVE LAYER With more ozone, life was able to thrive 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed

describe how the planets developed The Oceans 3 to 3.5 BILLION years ago, the Earth cooled enough to allow water to form from steam Rain fell and oceans formed in lower areas Today’s atmosphere has been constant for last 1.5 Billion years 6/10/2018 describe how the planets developed