Organic and biochemistry

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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
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Organic and biochemistry Reaction of the benzene Nitration Sulfonation Halogenation Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa

1-nitration Reactions of benzene Electrophilic aromatic substitution Just as the typical reactions of the alkenes are electrophilic addition reactions, so the typical reactions of the benzene ring are electrophilic substitution reactions. We see: Ar = aryl (any aromatic group with attachment directly to ring carbon). 1-nitration

Example: 2-halogenation. Example:

Nitration Sulfonation

Friedel-Grafts Alkylation Halogenation

Mechanism of the nitration

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