AP Art History’s Greatest Hits: Part Two

Late Gothic Arnolfini and His Bride by Jan Van Eyck 1434 Characteristics: Almost every object portrayed sanctity Symbolism Purpose: Record and sanctify marriage Dog: Fidelity, Shoe: Holy Ground

Northern Renaissance Knight, Death, and Devil by Albrecht Durer 1513 Characteristics: Knight = Christian Display strength, movement, and proportions of Renn equestrian statue Employed lines to evoke                       

Mannerism Madonna With the Long Neck by Parmigianino 1535 Characteristics: Small oval head, long slender neck, long fingers Exaggeration Contains religious meaning Un-natural coloring

Baroque in Italy Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio 1597-1601 Characteristics Jesus’ arm reminiscent of Michelangelo Piercing ray of light Realist and dramatic Theatrical lighting (tenebrism) Counter-reformation Baroque in Italy

Baroque in Spain Las Meninas by Velázquez 1656 Characteristics: Painter represented himself Visual and narrative complexity Represented form and shadow Tonal graduations: dark to light Royal Family included in the work

Baroque in Flanders/Holland The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn 1632 Characteristics: Evenly placed subjects Corpse: Diagonally placed and foreshortened Student poses and expressions show personality Secular subject of Protestant Reformation

Baroque in France/England Burial of Phocion by Poussin 1648 Characteristics: Figures: Solitary relief Light: Even and revealing Landscape is nature subordinated to a rational plan of classicism

Rococo The Swing by Frangonard 1766 Characteristics: “Intrigue” picture Landscape setting is out of Watteau Glowing pastel colors and soft light Convey the scene’s sensuality

Later China Dwelling in the Fu Chun Mountains by Gongwang 1347-1350 Characteristics: Richly layered with brush strokes a At times interweaving dry brush strokes and at other times placing dry strokes over wet ones

Later Japan Cuckoo Flying Over New Verdure by Yosa Busan Late 18th Century Characteristics: Fully Mature Style Chinese and Japanese literati style by rounding the landscape forms

Later Oceania Bisj Poles Early to Mid 20th Century Characteristics: Served as a pledge to avenge a relative’s death Head-hunting raid Decorated with figures of individuals who have already died

Later North America Kachina Figurine by Otto Pentewa 1959 Characteristics: Rain bringing deity who wears a mask painted in geometric patterns symbolic of water and agriculture fertility

Later Mesoamerica Illuminated page from Borgia Codex 1400-1500 Characteristics: Two vividly gesticulating gods Ritual subjects God of life = black Quetzalcoatl

Later South America Machu Piechu 15th Century Characteristics: One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights Inka City

Later Africa Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary Guardian Figure 19th Century or Early 20th Century Characteristic: Severely stylized body said to have repelled evil Heads simplified Geometric ridges borders

Neoclassicism Oath of the Horatii by David 1784 Characteristics: Conflicts between heart and patriotism Statuesque figures- men: Rigid, Angular

Romanticism (Spanish) The Third of May 1808 by Goya 1808 Characteristics: Encouraged empathy of the Spanish by portraying horrified expressions and enhanced drama through stark use of darks and lights

Romanticism Raft of the Medusa by Gericault 1818-1819 Characteristics: Actual historical event Subdued palette and prominent shadow lend ominous pall to the scene Emotionally charged Comments on slavery Apathy

Realism Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) by Manet 1863 Characteristics: Figures in soft focus Broadly painted the landscape Black is a prominent color Allusions to many paintings of genres

Impressionism Ballet Rehearsal by Degas 1874 Characteristics: Figures randomly placed, not centered Degas was interested in reproducing single moments Composition inspired by photography and Japanese prints.

Post Impressionism Starry Night by Van Gough 1889 Characteristics: Communicated the vastness of the universe Uses color to express himself With the turbulent brush strokes Emotion takes precedence over natural depiction of landscape

Symbolism The Cry (Scream) by Munch 1893 Characteristics: Grounded in the real world Departs significantly from a visual reality

Art Nouveau Casa Milá by Gaudi 1907 Characteristics: Free-form mass Organic lines not geometric

Fauvism Red Room by Matisse 1908-1909 Characteristics: Color = Warmth Colors contrast richly and intensely Depicts objects in simplified and schematized fashion and flattening out form

German Expressionism Fate of the Animals by Franz Marc 1913 Characteristics: Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish and tragedy

Futurism Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by Boccioni 1913 Characteristics: Italian movement during WWI Formal and spatial effects on motion Figure is expanded, interruption, and broken in plane and contour Futurist thought war had “cleansing power”

Precisionism My Egypt by Charles Demuth 1927 Characteristics: Grain elevators which he reduced to simple geometric forms Fragmented

Dada Cut With the Kitchen Knife Dada Through the Last Weimar by Hannah Hoch 1919-1920 Characteristics: Juxtaposed the head of German military leaders with exotic dancers Aware of the power that women and Dada had on society

Cubism Still Life With Chair- Canning by Picasso 1912 Characteristics: Chair seems real Synthetic Cubism uses actual items collaged in work Painted and abstract areas don’t refer to tangible objects of the real world

Surrealism The Persistence of Memory by Dali 1931 Characteristics: Allegory of empty space: Where time has ended Attempt to make it convincingly real

American Realism Haymarket by John Sloan 1907 Characteristics: Ashcan school painters injected realism into American art by taking ordinary people as their subjects.

Abstract Expressionism No. 1 by Pollack 1950 Characteristics: Abandoned the paintbrush altogether sloshing, pouring, and dripping abandoned easel

Color Field Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko 1961 Characteristics:                                                                                                       Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko 1961 Characteristics: Interested in the relation between one color and another No evidence of brushstrokes

Pop Art 100 Cans of Campbell Soup by Andy Warhol 1962 Characteristics: Brought art to the masses by making art into everyday life

POP Art Three Flags by Jasper Johns 1958 Characteristics: One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism by returning recognizable imagery to art

Photo Realism Self Portrait by Close 1968 Characteristics: Return of the portrait after it was deconstructed through Cubism Airbrushed self portrait to mimic the look of a photo not looking at someone in person.

Neo Expressionism Heath of the Brandenburg March by Keifer 1974 Characteristics: Thick, dark paint to represent earth Evokes the horror of the holocaust

Post Modernism The Dinner Part by Judy Chicago 1979 Characteristics: A feminist Last Supper Intended to interest worship of the female Triangle symbolizes both ‘woman’ and goddess Invited: Georgia O’Keefe, Virginia Wolfe, Sacagawea, Susan B. Anthony Post Modernism

Minimalism Vietnam Veterans Memorial by Maya Lin Simple and solemn geometric black granite with chronological order of names of Vietnam War dead Earth on top of memorial expresses the heaviness of the war at its height Lin won the commission as 21 art student at Yale University Intensely controversial, had to also create figurative memorial after public outrage.

Environmental or Site-Specific Art Spiral Jetty, by Robert Smithson 1970 Characteristics: the vast coil to symbolize the reality of time, on a monumental scale Coil is 1500 ft. in length Hard to get to area of the Great Salt Lake in Utah

Deconstructionist Architecture Guggenheim Bilbao Museo by FRANK GEHRY, Bilbao, Spain, 1997 Characteristics: limestone and titanium Gehry trained as a sculptor Its disorder and seeming randomness of design epitomize Deconstructivist architectural principles