CHAPTER 5 Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties, and Applications

Blast Furnace Figure 5.1 Schematic illustration of a blast furnace. Source: Courtesy of American Iron and Steel Institute.

Electric Furnaces Figure 5.2 Schematic illustration of types of electric furnaces: (a) direct arc, (b) indirect arc, and (c) induction.

Basic-Oxygen Process Figure 5.3 Schematic illustrations showing (a) charging, (b) melting, and (c) pouring of molten iron in a basic-oxygen process. Source: Inland Steel Company

Continuous Casting Continuous Figure 5.4 The continuous-casting process for steel. Typically, the solidified metal descends at a speed of 25 mm/s (1 in./s). Note that the platform is about 20 m (65 ft) above ground level. Source: Metalcaster's Reference and Guide, American Foundrymen's Society. Continuous

Typical Selection of Carbon and Alloy Steels for Various Applications

Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels in Various Conditions

AISI Designation for High-Strength Sheet Steel

Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties and Applications of Annealed Stainless Steels

Basic Types of Tool and Die Steels

Processing and Service Characteristics of Common Tool and Die Steels