Revolution and Nationalism

The Russian Revolution Nicholas II Russian Czar- -strict control of country -late 1800’s Russia industrializes -people forced to work in factories - people had limited rights under the Czar.

-Shows that Russian lack modernization and industrialization Problems in Russia 1. Russia loses the Russo- Japanese War -Shows that Russian lack modernization and industrialization

White Board What war does Russia enter after this war?

2. Poverty amongst working class Rapid growth of (discontented) working class Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow Little help from the countryside: impoverished peasants – Bloody Sunday 1905 workers petitioned and demanded rights and food from czar Czar’s general orders troops to fire on crowd (500-1000 dead)

3. WWI – Russian people suffer huge losses 3. WWI – Russian people suffer huge losses. - shortage of food, no supplies for soldiers, high prices.

No trust of the Royal Family Nicholas II and Alexandra committed to autocracy (Discuss What this Means) Duma(Parliament) had no power She was under the influence of Rasputin: Spiritual Advisor Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy

The Collapse of the Imperial Government Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915 Alexandra and other high government officials accused of treason Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916 DISCUSS THE MEANING OF THE CARTOON

Anger at the leadership and the War Complete mismanagement of the wartime economy production plummeted, inflation and starvation were rampant, and the cities were overflowing w/ refugees There were massive food shortages (White Board: List one reason there were food shortages and lower production)

The Russian Revolution Begins: The March(Febuary) Revolution 1917 Riots in Petrograd- women march “Bread! Bread! “ (end WWI) & Factory workers go on Strike Duma declared itself a Provisional Government on March12 Czar ordered soldiers to intervene; instead they joined the rebellion

Results of the March Revolution Czar Returned to Petrograd and had no more power Czar abdicated on March 17 Placed under House Arrest Alexander Kerensky headed the Provisional Government Very Popular Revolution Kerensky favored gradual socialist reform However he continued the War with Germany

White Board What major mistake did the Provisional government make?

The Petrograd Soviet Challenge Provisional Government leftists in St. Petersburg formed the Petrograd Soviet, which they claimed to be the legit. gov’t Wanted to End the War Many of these would work along side Bolsheviks

Kornilov Affair General Kornilov attempted to overthrow Provisional Government Kerensky freed many Bolshevik from prison and supplied arms to many revolutionaries

Discuss Why is using common enemies often a mistake?

Rise OF the Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin- Germans send him back to Russia supported a revolution of the working class (proletariot) ideas Karl Marx- “Communist Manifesto” overthrow of the wealthy class share wealth equally. Classless society.

Vladimir Lenin “Peace, Land, Bread” “All Power to the Soviets” He preached that the war was a capitalist/imperialist/ war that offered no rewards for the peasants/workers; Bolshevik party membership exploded; their power was consolidated

October Revolution/Bolshevik Revolution 1917 Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky push the Provisional government out of Power Lenin’s 1st task was to get Russia out of the war The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk negotiated with the Germans, giving them much Russian territory

Lenin Takes Full Power 1918 Council of People’s Commissars was created government (All Bolsheviks) All private property was abolished and divided among the peasantry Nationalized large Industries Secret Police is set up to control(Cheka)

The Royal Family is killed July 17 1918 Fighting will start again between the Red Army and the White Army Russian Civil War