Natural and Manufactured Fibers

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Natural and Synthetic Fibers

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Presentation transcript:

Natural and Manufactured Fibers

Fiber Characteristics Knowledge of fiber characteristics will help you select the fiber most appropriate for its end use.

Fiber Characteristics Abrasion Resistance- is a worn spot that can develop when fibers rub against something. (Pilling- tiny balls of fiber on the fabric.) Absorbency-ability to take in moisture. Durability- refers to how long you will be able to wear or use a particular garment or item.

Fiber Characteristics Elasticity- Is the ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation) and then return to the original length when released (recovery). Hand- Is the way a fiber, yarn, or fabric feels when handled.

Fiber Characteristics Resiliency- able to spring or bounce back into shape after crushing or wrinkling. Strength- ability to withstand tension or pulling. Warmth – ability of a fiber to maintain body heat of wearer Wicking - ability to draw moisture away from the body so the moisture can evaporate.

Natural Fibers Cellulosic- plant derived Cotton Flax- (Linen)

Cotton Soft, absorbent, and comfortable. Wrinkles easily. Absorbs perspiration quickly. Strong and durable. Inexpensive Does not pill Blends well

Flax Commonly called Linen Comes from the Flax plant. Oldest fiber. Cool and comfortable. Wrinkles easily. Strong, durable and lustrous.

Protein Fibers Wool Silk Come from animal sources

Wool Hard wearing and absorbs moisture. Natural insulator. Does not wrinkle easily. Traps odors. Flame resistant

Silk Versatile and very comfortable. Absorbs moisture. Cool to wear in the summer yet warm to wear in winter. Can be easily dyed. Retains its shape and is relatively smooth. Poor resistance to sunlight exposure. Strongest natural fiber and is lustrous.

Manufactured Fibers Can be made into staple or filament fibers. Blends

Types Cellulosic Fibers Made from cellulose – the fibrous substance in plant life Noncellulosic Fibers Made by combining molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon Also known as Manufactured Fibers

Manufacturing Process 1. The solid raw material is changed to a liquid 2. The liquid is extruded through a spinneret 3. It hardens in the form of a fiber

Kinds of Manufactured Fibers Rayon- 1st MF fiber 1910 Acetate- 1924 Nylon- 1939 Olefin- 1949 Polyester-1953 Spandex- 1959 Lyocell- 1992

Specialty Fibers Specialty fibers are protein fibers. They are rarely found alone 100% in a garment. They are blended with other fibers due to their limited availability and expense. Angora Cashmere Mohair